Gender and Development

Women in Tonga
Country Briefing Paper

The printed version of this publication is out of print. Please contact the Publications Unit for more information. Books, Periodicals, Studies, and Reports On-line edition: Free of Charge Hardcopy price: $5.00 ISBN: 971-561-195-8 Paperback (Pub. Date: 1998) Out of Print

This publication forms part of a series that provides information on the status and role of women in developing member countries.

It also assists ADB staff integrate gender concerns in country programming work, project design, and implementation.

RELATED DOCUMENTS

Country Gender Assessments

View the document [ PDF: 1,592kb | 134 pages ]. To read, you need Acrobat.

Contents

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Abbreviations, List of Tables, Table of Contents and Executive Summary [ PDF: 40kb | 12 pages ]

1. Background [ PDF: 20kb | 4 pages ]

2. Women and the Social Environment [ PDF: 1,008kb | 40 pages ]

   1. Demography

      1. Population Growth
      2. Migration
      3. Marriage
      4. Fertility
      5. Infant Mortality

   2. Public Health

      1. Overall Health Position
      2. Women's General and Reproductive Health
      3. Infant and Child Health
      4. Teenage and Pre-marital Sexuality

   3. Food and Nutrition

   4. Water and Sanitation

   5. The Land Issue

   6. Poverty

   7. Education and Training

      1. Literacy Rates
      2. Educational Attainment
      3. Pre-School Education
      4. Primary and Secondary Education
      5. Tertiary and Vocational Education

   8. Legal Rights and the Political Status of Women

      1. Women and the Law
      2. Access to Positions of Power and Authority

3. Women and the Economic Environment [ PDF: 75kb | 18 pages ]

   1. Employment and Work - General Trends

   2. Women in the Civil Service

   3. Women in Agriculture

   4. Women in Fisheries

   5. Self-Employment and Women in Business

4. Culture and Gender [ PDF: 28kb | 6 pages ]

   1. Traditional Social Structure

   2. Traditional Status of Women and the Gender Division of Labor

   3. Female Sexuality and Marriage

   4. The Patriarchal Household and Early Socialization

5. Summary of Wid-Related Government Polciies, Programs and Institutions [ PDF: 376kb | 20 pages ]

   1. Government Policies on Women and Development

   2. National Machinery for Women's Affairs

      1. Women in Development Center
      2. Langafonua'ae Fefine Tonga (National Council of Women)

   3. Externally-Funded Women's Projects

      1. Women's Legal Literacy
      2. Raw Material Production for Handicrafts
      3. Gender Support Facility
      4. Tonga Agro-forestry Project

   4. Other Government Policies and Programs

      1. Women and Credit
      2. Women and Agriculture

6. Non-Government Organizations for Women [ PDF: 17kb | 3 pages ]

7. The Bank's Strategy and Programs [ PDF: 56kb | 16 pages ]

   1. The Bank’s Policy on Gender and Development (GAD)

   2. Country Strategy and Program Implications: GAD Concerns

      1. Women, Credit and the Tonga Development Bank (TDB)
      2. Urban Development
      3. Small Industries Center Development

   3. Further Opportunities to Support WID

      1. Mainstreaming Gender
      2. Women in Agriculture
      3. Women’s Handicrafts
      4. Women and Fisheries
      5. Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods
      6. Women and Health

8. Conclusion [ PDF: 12kb | 2 pages ]

Selected Bibliography [ PDF: 17kb | 4 pages ]

List of Persons Consulted [ PDF: 15kb | 4 pages ]