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Immunization Financing in Developing Countries and International Vaccine Market

E-mail or fax the Publications Unit at + 632 636 2648 to order the printed version of this publication. Applicable shipping cost will be charged. View Document  Books, Periodicals, Studies, and Reports On-line edition: Free of Charge Hardcopy price: $10.00 ISBN: 971-561-349-7 Paperback (Pub. Date: 2001) In stock

This report is the first in a series of reports to be published under ADB's Asian Vaccination Initiative.

It gives an overview of critical issues in immunization financing in developing countries and the international vaccine markets, and documents financing and procurement mechanisms that have succeeded.

53 pages.

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Contents

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List of Tables and Figures, Preface , Acknowledgments, and Abbreviations

Introduction

Trends in Grant Financing for Vaccines and Immunization Programs

Declining Donor Funding

Shifting Donor Focus

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

International Vaccine Procurement and Financing Mechanisms

The PAHO Revolving Fund

Description
Benefits
Accomplishments
Assessment

The Vaccine Independence Initiative

Description
Participation
Capitalization
Assessment

Impact of Vaccine Procurement Mechanisms

Program performance
Government financing and sustainability of immunization programs
Lessons learned

The International Vaccine Market: Major Issues

Main Characteristics

Dominance by a few manufacturers
Limited worldwide buyers
High degree of segmentation and tiered pricing
Scale sensitivity of vaccine development and production

Factors Affecting Prices

Development and production costs
Demand
Predictability of demand
Production capacity
Competition
Local producers
Intellectual property rights

Effects of These Factors on Vaccine Price Trends

DPT
OPV

Recent Developments Formalizing and Expanding Tiered Pricing

The Mercer study
The “banding”strategy
GAVI

Different Approaches to Pricing

Planned tiered pricing
Bulk purchasing/Uniform pricing

The Price History of Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Case Study

Introduction

Plasma-derived vaccine
Recombinant DNA vaccine

Plasma-Derived Vaccine

More accessible technology and increased number of manufacturers
Creation of the Hepatitis B Task Force
The model Hepatitis B program and international tender
Increased competition, production capacity, and interest in recombinant DNA vaccine

Recombinant DNA Vaccine

Limited number of licensees for the Biogen patent
Competition with the plasma-derived vaccine
Increased competition
Increased demand

Summary

Lessons learned

Bibliography