Dust and sandstorm (DSS) is a transboundary environmental phenomenon with severe socioeconomic impacts and public health consequences on hundreds millions of people in Northeast Asia.
To address this concern, a regional cooperation mechanism has been established through a regional technical assistance project of ADB for Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia (RETA 6068) jointly financed by Japan Special Fund funded by the Government of Japan and the Global Environment Facility.
With participation of four international organizations including ADB, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Secretariat, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific, and the United Nations Environment Programme Secretariat, and the governments of four DSS-affected countries including PRC, Japan, Republic of Korea, and Mongolia, this regional technical assistance formulated a 3-volume report entitled “Regional Master Plan for Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia”.
The regional master plan report is composed of three volumes, namely:
Volume 1: A Master Plan for Regional Cooperation for the Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms
Volume 2: Establishment of a Regional Monitoring and Early Warning Network for Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia
Volume 3: An Investment Strategy for Dust and Sandstorms Prevention and Control through Demonstration Projects
This report was published by ADB in October 2005. Volume 1 of the report has also been translated and published in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian---the languages of the four project participating countries.
Volume I: A Master Plan for Regional Cooperation for the Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms 
Contents
Background
Korean
- 1.1 Objective of the Project
- 1.2 Scope of the Project
- 1.3 The Dust and Sandstorm (DSS) Phenomena in Northeast Asia
Formulation Of The Regional Master Plan
Korean
- 2.1 General Approach for Master Plan Formulation
- 2.2 Methodology and Approach for DSS Regional Network Development
- 2.3 Methodology and Approach for the Investment Strategy
Establishment of the Regional Network for Dust
and Sandstorm Monitoring and Early Warning
Korean
- 3.1 Overview
- 3.2 Selection of Monitoring Indicators
- 3.3 Common Monitoring Indicators
- 3.4 Regional Network of DSS Monitoring Stations
- 3.5 Proposed Phases of Development
- 3.6 Organizational Set Up
- 3.7 Implementation Plan
- 3.8 Estimated Cost
- 3.9 Cooperation with Other Regional and International Organization
Demonstration Projects for the Prevention and Control
of Dust and Sandstorms
Korean
- 4.1 Rationale
- 4.2 Lessons Learned
- 4.3 Investment Strategy for the Demonstration Projects
- 4.3.1 Selection of Demonstration Sites
- 4.3.2 Proposed Focus Areas for Demonstration Projects in the PRC
- 4.3.3 Proposed Focus Areas for Demonstration Projects in Mongolia
- 4.3.4 Proposed Cross-border Demonstration Focus Area /dd>
- 4.4 Proposed Activities and Investment Requirements
- 4.4.1 Proposed Activities in Focus Areas of the PRC
- 4.4.2 Proposed Activities in Focus Areas in Mongolia
- 4.4.3 Proposed Activities in Cross-border Focus Area
- 4.5 Financing Plan
Way Forward
Korean
Appendices 1: Technical Assistance for the Prevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia Project (RETA 6068)
Appendices 2: List Of Participating Parties And The Study Team
Korean
Top
Volume II: Establishment of a Regional Monitoring and Early Warning Network for Dust and Sandstorms in Northeast Asia
Acknowledgement, Abbreviations and Acronyms
Executive Summary
Introduction
- 1.1 Background and Objective of the Project
- 1.2 Scope of the Project
- 1.2.1 Geographic Coverage
- 1.2.2 Planning Timetable
- 1.3 The Dust and Sandstorm (DSS) Phenomena in Northeast Asia
- 1.3.1 Description and Classification
- 1.3.2 Scientific and Technical Dimensions
- 1.4 Technology and Methodology of DSS Monitoring, Forecasting, and Early Warning
Current DSS monitoring and Early Warning in the
Partner Countries
- 2.1 People’s Republic of China
- 2.1.1 The China Meteorological Administration
- 2.1.2 State Environment Protection Administration
- 2.1.3 State Forestry Administration
- 2.1.4 Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 2.2 Japan
- 2.2.1 Japan Meteorological Agency
- 2.2.2 Ministry of the Environment of Japan
- 2.2.3 The National Institute of Environmental Studies
- 2.3 Republic of Korea
- 2.3.1 Ministry of Environment
- 2.3.2 Korea Meteorological Administration
- 2.3.3 The National Institute of Environmental Research
- 2.3.4 Korea Environment Institute
- 2.4 Mongolia
- 2.5 Bilateral Initiatives on DSS Monitoring and Early Warning in Northeast Asia
Proposed establishment of a Regional Network for
DSS Monitoring and Early Warning
- 3.1 Context for a Regional Network for DSS Monitoring and Early Warning
- 3.2 Selection of Monitoring Indicators
- 3.3 DSS Regional Network Structure
- 3.3.1 Organizational Structure
- 3.3.2 The Selection of Network Monitoring Stations
- 3.4 Technical Considerations
- 3.4.1 Conceptual Framework for DSS Simulation and Forecasting
- 3.4.2 Operational Mechanism
- 3.4.3 Hardware and Software Requirement
- 3.5 Financial Implications
- 3.5.1 Development of the Regional Network for DSS in PRC
- 3.5.2 Development of the Regional Network for DSS in Mongolia
- 3.5.3 Funding
Conclusions And Recommendations
- 4.1 Conclusions
- 4.2 Recommendations
- 4.2.1 Implementation
- 4.2.2 Financing Strategy
- 4.2.3 Cooperation with Other Regional and International Organizations
Appendix 1: List Of Participating Parties
Appendix 2: Study Team
Appendix 3: Logical Framework of RETA 6068
Appendix 4: Technology and Processes for Dust and Sandstorm Monitoring, Forecasting and Early Warning
Top
Volume III: An Investment Strategy for DSS Prevention and Control Through Demonstration Projects
Acknowledgement, abbreviations and acronyms, and table of contents
Introduction
- 1.1 Background and Objectives of the Project
- 1.2 Rationale for the Prevention and Control of DSS in Northeast Asia
- 1.2.1 DSS Source Areas
- 1.2.2 Direct Cost of Damages by DSS
- 1.2.3 Indirect Costs of Damages by DSS
- 1.2.4 Benefits of DSS Prevention and Control
- 1.3 Developing an Investment Strategy
- 1.3.1 Risk Management
- 1.3.2 Applying the “Least Cost-Plus-Loss” Principle
- 1.3.3 Selecting DSS Prevention and Control Budget Levels
Review of Major Mitigating Measures to Combat Desertification
for DSS Control
- 2.1 General
- 2.2 DSS Mitigation Measures in the PRC
- 2.3 DSS Mitigation Measures in Mongolia
- 2.4 Effectiveness of the Current Mitigation Measures
- 2.5 Financing Mechanism for Current DSS Mitigation Efforts in the PRC
- 2.6 Financing Mechanism for Current DSS Mitigation Efforts in Mongolia
Project Requirements for the Prevention and Control
of DSS in Northeast Asia
- 3.1 Project Needs and Approaches
- 3.1.1 Participatory Approach and Community Involvement
- 3.1.2 Technical Approach
- 3.2 Development of Demonstration Sites
- 3.3 Proposed Focus Areas for the Demonstration Projects in the PRC
- 3.3.1 The PRC Focus Area 1: Alashan
- 3.3.2 The PRC Focus Area 2: Ordos Plateau
- 3.3.3 The PRC Focus Area 3: Xilingol
- 3.3.4 The PRC Focus Area 4: Hulunbuir
- 3.4 Proposed Focus Areas for the Demonstration Projects in Mongolia
- 3.4.1 Mongolia Focus Area 1: Ovorhangai
- 3.4.2 Mongolia Focus Area 2: Omnogobi
- 3.4.3 Mongolia Focus Area 3: Sukhbaatar
- 3.4.4 Mongolia Focus Area 4: Dornogobi
- 3.5 Proposed Cross-border Focus Area for the Demonstration Projects
- 3.6 Proposed Activities and Investment Requirements
- 3.6.1 Project Activities in Focus Areas of the PRC
- 3.6.2 Project Activities in Focus Areas of Mongolia
- 3.6.3 Project Activities in Cross-border Focus Area of Erinhot-Zamiin Uud
An Investment Strategy
- 4.1 Context of the Investment Strategy
- 4.2 Key Points for Consideration
- 4.3 Partnerships and Options for the Investment
- 4.4 Recommended Investment Strategies
Proposed Financing Plan
- 5.1 Phased Approach
- 5.2 Financing Plan for the PRC and Mongolia Demonstration Project
Appendix 1: List of Participating Parties and the Study Team
Appendix 2: Biophysical Profile of Focus Areas in the PRC
Appendix 3: Socio-Economic Analyses for Four Focus Areas in the PRC
Appendix 4: Bio-Physical Profile of Focus Areas in Mongolia
Appendix 5: Socio-Economic Analyses For Four Focus Areas In Mongolia
Publications 
