Publications

Vehicle Emissions
Cleaner Two and Three Wheelers

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Asia has the highest concentration of motorcycles and three-wheelers. In many Asian cities, these vehicles account for 50% to 90% of the total vehicle fleet. Therefore, any comprehensive strategy to reduce emissions should give due attention to these kinds of vehicles.

This publication is one of the outputs of ADB's Regional Workshop on Reducing Emissions from Two and Three Wheelers held on 5-7 September 2001 in Hanoi, Viet Nam. It is the third volume in a series of policy guidelines derived from the five regional workshops organized by ADB from 2001 to 2002. The complete set provides an in-depth analysis of the different components of an integrated strategy to reduce pollution from mobile sources.

Policymakers in Asia are encouraged to combine the general principles outlined in the policy guidelines with their knowledge of the local situation in their respective countries and cities to arrive at effective strategies.

To learn about this project, go to the Vehicle Emissions Reduction website.

View the document [ PDF: 1111kb | 35 pages ]. To read, you need Acrobat.

Contents

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Executive Summary

Introduction

Integrated strategies to reduce vehicle emissions

New vehicle standards

In-use vehicle standards

Inspection and maintenance (I/M)

Special considerations for fuels and lubricants

Two-stroke versus four-stroke engines

Fuel conversion programs for two and three wheelers

Regional efforts

Notes