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Handbook on Resettlement: A Guide to Good Practice :
4. Consultation and Participation
4.3. Participation in the Project Cycle
Communication and consultation with local administration and line agencies, NGOs, host communities, and APs require comprehensive planning from project identification through M&E following project implementation. All stakeholders, particularly the APs and their representatives, should be involved in all stages of the project cycle. Bank policy states that:
"Local government bodies, people's organizations and mainstream development NGOs often play a constructive role in facilitating public discussion and dialogue, and assist in evolving pragmatic solutions. Their inputs may be beneficial for government decision making".
The Bank recognizes the role of NGOs in social development and is committed to broaden its consultation with NGOs in formulating projects and TA activities.1 Community-based organizations (CBOs) can also be used in a similar way if they are developmentally oriented.
Some NGOs have experience and skills in designing and implementing projects for economic development, particularly involving vulnerable groups, and NGO projects often foster self-help, participation, and skill development in sustainable programs. Thus participation by NGOs may prove very helpful in income restoration programs, for example, small-scale credit programs for women. Experienced NGOs can also operate training courses for APs in new income-generating activities and foster community management of common property resources (for example, forests, community grazing land, or fishing areas). Participation of NGOs in project design and implementation can improve project quality.
The following table provides a guide to the scope for consultation and participation by APs, hosts, and NGOs in various stages of the project cycle.
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1 Working Together: Asian Development Bank and Non-Governmental Organizations. Asian Development Bank, Manila.
Participation by APs, NGOs and Hosts in the Project Cycle
| Project Stage |
Affected Person |
Nongovernmental Organization |
Host |
| Fact-Finding |
- Participate in public meetings.
- Identify alternatives to avoid or minimize resettlement.
- Assist in developing and choosing alternative options for relocation and income restoration.
|
- Assist in impact assessment.
- Assist in census and survey.
- Participate in meetings, groups.
- Participate in coordination committees.
|
- Provide information on various aspects of host communities.
- Assist in data collection and design.
- Provide inputs to site selection.
- Identify possible conflict area with resettlers.
|
| Feasibility Study and Resettlement Planning |
- Help to choose resettlement site.
- Participate in survey.
- Contribute to formulating relocation and income restoration options through public meetings, groups, household survey.
- Participate in meetings with host population.
- Provide inputs to entitlement provisions.
- Assist in RP preparation.
- Suggest mechanisms for grievance redress and conflict resolution.
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- Design and implement an information campaign.
- Support group formation, problem identification and planning for APs and hosts.
- Design a participatory process.
- Design social preparation phase.
- Assist in RP preparation.
- Participate in coordination meetings.
- Suggest mechanisms for grievance redress and conflict resolution.
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- Identify social and cultural facilities needed at resettlement site.
- Assist APs in identifying income restoration options at resettlement site.
- Help develop a process of consultation between hosts and relocatees.
- Suggest mechanisms for grievance redress and conflict resolution.
|
| Project Implementation |
- Join local groups to take part in implementation support activities.
- Join local decision-making committees.
- Decide on management of common property.
- Use established mechanisms for grievance redress.
|
- Assist implementing agency.
- Provide support in RP implementation.
- Train community workers.
- Assist vulnerable groups.
- Evaluate community process and social preparation.
- Implement a social preparation phase.
- Provide advice on grievance redress.
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- Assist APs in relocation.
- Manage common property at site.
- Take part in local committees.
- Assist in integration with the host communities.
- Use established mechanisms for grievance redress.
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4.4 Institutional Framework and Grievance Redress |
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