Handbook on Resettlement: A Guide to Good Practice

Table of Contents

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Foreword

Abbreviations

Glossary

1. Introduction

1.1 Resettlement Losses

1.2 The Bank's Involuntary Resettlement Policy

1.3 Resettlement in Different Project Types

1.4 The Project Cycle

1.5 Issues in Land Acquisition and Resettlement

1.6 Good Practice

2. The Resettlement Plan in the Project Cycle

3. Resettlement: Key Planning Concepts

4. Consultation and Participation

5. Socioeconomic Information

6. Relocation

7. Income Restoration

8. Institutional Framework

9. Monitoring and Evaluation

Selected Reading List

Appendix 1: The Bank's Policy on Involuntary Resettlement

Appendix 2: Sample Terms of Reference for Full Resettlement Plan

Appendix 3: Resettlement Policies in Selected DMCs

Appendix 4: Resettlement Monitoring: Sample Formats for Monthly Progress Reports

Handbook on Resettlement: A Guide to Good Practice : 1. Introduction

1.3. Resettlement in Different Project Types

Resettlement effects result from a wide range of project types. Small plots of land required for schools or health centers may create limited resettlement effects. Long alignments required for roads, railways, power lines, or canals may cause resettlement effects along a narrow right of way, or disrupt community networks, dividing roads, paths, irrigation systems, and landholdings. Reservoirs for water supply, irrigation or power generation can create wide-scale disruption. Most project types have the potential to create resettlement effects, as set out in the table below.

Resettlement in Different Project Types

Sector	Project Components likely to have Resettlement Effects	Type of Resettlement Effect
Transport	Road or rail alignment	Resettlement effects over alignment. Disruption can usually be addressed within existing community units because alignment is narrow. However, if the alignment is long, cutting across administrative boundaries, the distribution of responsibilities may be unclear and entitlements may vary between sections. Alignments might divide landholdings, local roads and paths, irrigation systems, economic and social networks, or access to resources. May require temporary land borrow for construction.
	Associated stations, terminals, bridges	May cause localized resettlement effects, and necessitate temporary land borrow for construction.
	Airports, seaports, river ports	Severe resettlement effects for communities currently occupying land are possible. Can displace whole communities, or disrupt patterns of communication, landholdings, social and economic systems and resource use. Temporary land borrow for construction.
Power and energy	Transmission alignment	Minor resettlement effects from construction of pylons. These might be severe if landholdings are small. Right-of-way restrictions, without land acquisition, might affect people's land use along the transmission alignment. May require temporary land borrow during construction.
	Power generation plants, transmission stations, substations, and access roads	May cause severe localized effects, and temporary land borrow during construction. Power plants may cause resettlement effects through pollution of land, air, or water.
	Hydroelectric power reservoirs	Reservoir construction can have severe and often widespread effects, displacing whole communities from construction and inundation areas, and disrupting patterns of communication, landholdings, social and economic systems, and resource use. Temporary land borrow for construction.
Water supply and sanitation	Reticulation systems	Temporary land borrow. Use of existing rights-of-way (for example roads) can minimize disruption. Narrow land corridors might be acquired permanently with minor disruption.
	Pumping stations, treatment sites	May cause more severe localized effects. Temporary land borrow for construction.
	Reservoirs for water supply	Reservoir construction can have severe and often widespread effects. See Hydroelectric power reservoirs.
Solid waste	Transfer stations, landfill sites	May cause severe localized effects.
Urban renewal	Urban infrastructure sites	May cause severe localized effects.
Health	Sites for hospitals, clinics, teaching facilities	May cause severe localized effects. Communities might be prepared to volunteer small sites for community services.
Education	Sites for schools, training institutions, etc.	May cause severe localized effects. Communities might be prepared to volunteer small sites for community services.
Irrigation and Flood control	Canal alignments; protective embankments, and associated works	Resettlement effects over a narrow alignment. See Road or rail alignment.
Irrigation and Flood control	Dams	Dam construction can have severe and often widespread effects. See Hydroelectric power reservoirs.
Mining operations	Strip mining	May cause severe localized effects, or resettlement effects due to severe loss of environmental quality (e.g. polluted land or water).
Forestry developments	Reforestation, industrial plantations, forest closure	May cause loss of access to forest products for cash and subsistence. Loss of grazing rights. Displacement of communities.
Parks, conservation sites	National parks or biodiversity areas	May cause loss of grazing rights, or disruption of grazing routes. May displace communities from park.

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1.2 The Bank's Involuntary Resettlement Policy

1.4 The Project Cycle

Catalog

1.3. Resettlement in Different Project Types