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Gender Checklist: Agriculture : Gender analysis framework for agriculture
Access and control profile
The Access and Control Profile considers productive resources such as: land, equipment, labor, capital and credit, and education, extension, and training. It differentiates between access to a resource and control over decisions regarding its allocation and use. It enables planners to consider whether the proposed project could undermine access to productive resources, or if it could change the balance of power between men and women regarding control over resources.
The profile examines the extent to which women are impeded from participating equitably in agriculture projects. For example, if women have limited access to income or land, they may be unable to join agriculture cooperatives, which provide production inputs and commercial opportunities, or to become independent commercial producers. In some subgroups, men may also suffer the same disadvantage.
Program management mechanisms (e.g., the creation of water users) groups or farmers’ cooperatives) may determine who has access to and control over productive resources and may change existing gender relations. (Box 4 shows how the information in an Access and Control Profile may be summarized.)
Box 4 Access and control profile
Activities
- Which agricultural tasks are carried out by which member of the household, and how rigid is the gender division of labor?
- What are the daily and seasonal variations in labor availability?
- Who within the household has responsibility for which house-hold chores?
Resources and constraints
- Who has access to and control over productive resources, such as land, capital, human capital resources (such as education, information and knowledge, training opportunities, extension services), and markets?
- What are the constraints and implications arising out of lack of control over or access to productive resources, for those who lack such control and access?
- Which decisions in the agricultural household and in the community do men and women typically make?
- How do men and women differ in the constraints they face, and how do these differences affect their work, productivity, and access to benefits?
Benefits and incentives
- Who controls production in the agricultural household and in the community?
- Who receives wages and benefits from production?
- Are men and women paid different wages, and if so, why?
- Who markets farm and household produce?
- Who controls income from different sources—who decides who gets what in the agricultural household, and who receives the income?
- Which investment- or expenditure-related decisions do men and women take?
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Compiling an Access and Control Profile
To what extent do women and men have access to or own:
- land, water equipment, livestock, poultry, fish, trees, homestead site?
- capital, credit, savings in cash or in kind (including money obtained from informal sources such as from the sale of crafts)?
- labor (children, spouse, other kin, informal work group, hired labor) and draught power?
- implements for production, postharvest uses, household tasks?
- agricultural inputs (fertilizer, seeds, vaccines)?
- raw materials for artisan and craft production?
- transportation?
Do women and men have in principle or in reality access to: directed specifically
- extension services?
- formal credit, savings, and banking services?
- informal savings, credit, insurance and services/organizations?
- skills training (including accounting)?
- processing facilities?
- marketing?
- cooperatives or similar government or nongovernment associations (as full members in their own name, with voting rights)?
- information networks and communication media?
Do women and men in principle or in fact have access to:
- health care?
- water and sanitation?
- basic social skills training?
- education and literacy/numeracy programs?
Benefits
What material and nonmaterial benefits do women and men derive from the production processes?
- wages (in cash/kind);
- income from the sale of goods;
- income from the sale of services;
- other consumables (e.g., crop by-products);
- social insurance (care in sickness, old age, etc.);
- mutual assistance;
- status, respect.
To what extent do women and men pass on the benefits to their families?
What are the expenditure patterns of women and men?
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