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Gender Checklist: Agriculture : Gender analysis for subsectors
Gender issues in industrial crops and agro-industry
Key Issues
- Are data about the population(s) in the project area disaggregated by gender (population, socioeconomic characteristics, gender division of labor, and time inputs in the main productive activities)?
- What percentage of farming households are headed by women? In what percentage of these is there an absent (emigrant) husband?
- What field tasks are traditionally performed by women, and which by men?
- Which processing and support service tasks are normally performed by women, and which by men?
- What factors determine tasks defined as women’s work or men’s work?
- How will any new technologies introduced affect the work done by women?
- How will changes proposed within the project affect the gender division of labor in the areas to be covered?
- What is the pattern of land ownership on family farms? To what extent do women own or co-own land or have the right to use land?
- How are decisions made about what to plant on which fields, and by whom?
- Who controls the earnings from cash crops? Howare they distributed within the family? How are earnings allocated and spent?
- How are men’s earnings from agricultural production spent? How are women’s earnings from agricultural production spent?
- Could increased cash crop production lead to a loss of land for women’s household subsistence farming? With what effects?
- What constraints prevent women from growing and marketing cash crops?
- Does the female household head have legal ownership rights, rights to production from land, rights to earnings from production? What are these rights?
- How do the farming operations of female-headed households compare with those of other farms in the area with respect to:
- involvement in commercial cash crops;
- use of inputs (chemical fertilizers, improved seeds);
- access to labor at requisite points of time; or
- agricultural technology used?
Key Strategies
- Provide employment and income-generating opportunities for women as well as men in the project.
- Ensure that women and men receive the same remuneration for any project-related employment.
- If an agricultural estate will be developed, ensure that it will be easily accessible to the communities from which labor is being recruited, or else that adequate transportation facilities will be available and that these will be accessible to women and appropriate for their use.
- Provide services on the estate to improve women’s well-being, such as maternity, health and child-care facilities, or women’s literacy classes.
- Consider incorporating new technologies in the project to save women’s time and effort and make their labor more productive.
- Ensure that land is available for women’s subsistence crops.
- Try to provide some inputs for food crop production.
- Ensure that women are provided with equal access to cash crop production.
Box 10 gives an example of gender mainstreaming in a crop diversification project in Nepal.
Box 10 Nepal Crop Diversification Project
Women’s critical role in agricultural production and food security in
Nepal has been largely undervalued, and they have had less access
to the benefits of agricultural development programs. The project is
designed to address this imbalance by promoting a farmer group
approach to the production and marketing of agricultural crops.
Women farmers will form groups to gain better access to technical marketing
and extension services. Women will be trained to take leadership positions in mixed
farmers groups. The women farmers’ groups will provide forums for women farmers
to identify their needs as a group and to negotiate for agricultural extension
services from the government and for links with agriculture service centers and
local markets.
Women and men farmers will undergo gender sensitization training to develop
their understanding of one another’s needs and to facilitate the formation of networks
of women and other farmers’ groups for crop diversification, production,
and marketing. Agricultural extension staff will be trained to draw up field extension
manuals that address the needs of both women and men farmers. A gender-disaggregated
community monitoring database system will ensure the participation
of women and men farmers in project activities.
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