Water

Pilot and Demonstration Activity
Piloting School-led Water Supply and Gender sensitive Sanitation in Kapilvastu

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Basic Information

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Background

In Nepal, water supply coverage is estimated at around 85%, while sanitation is only around 33%.

Previous Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects on rural water supply and sanitation focused more on community level water supply schemes and less on latrine construction. And these projects were not able to use the now generally accepted fact that hygiene practices can be effectively promoted in communities through a child's environment, especially if safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are provided.

ADB's Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation (CBWSS) Project¹ aims to improve rural water supply and sanitation services and provide income opportunities to about 1,200 rural communities in Nepal. In contrast with previous projects, sanitation is a major focus of this project. The pilot and demonstration activity (PDA) will complement the project's efforts by introducing gender sensitive sanitation and hygiene practices in schools.

The PDA will focus on Kapilvastu, one of the districts covered by the CBWSS project. Its sanitation situation is poor-only 11.6% of the population has latrines in their households (lower than the national average of 33%) and majority of schools lack water and sanitation facilities, resulting in low enrolment of girls and high student absentee rates due to frequent illnesses. Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among both children and adults in this district is also poor, for example, only 14% wash their hands with soap after defecation.²

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Objective

• Pilot test school-led gender sensitive sanitation and hygiene practices in Kapilvastu District through the School Management Committees.

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Expected Results

Outputs

• Construction of 30 sanitation and water supply facilities
• 10 schools equipped with a total of 20 Biosan filters
• About 10 children's clubs formed and their capacity enhanced to improve health and hygiene practices in the community
• School Management Committees, Community Organizations, Community Motivators, and students trained in hygiene and practice hand washing with soap
• 20 laborers trained in manufacturing sanitary ware within 6 months
• 10 local women entrepreneurs trained in soap production within 6 months

Outcomes

• At least 10 schools with safe sanitation and drinking water facilities
• At least 3,000 students in 10 schools with improved hygiene and sanitation behavior
• Students' awareness of risks due to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation
• Extension of safe sanitation and hygiene practices to students' families and community

Impacts

• Improved water and sanitation availability
• Reduced incidences of diarrhea and other water-borne diseases
• Decreased open defecation
• Increased school attendance, particularly for girls

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Measurable Performance Indicators

• School Management Committees capable of operating and maintaining safe water supply and sanitation facilities at schools
• Number of school-based water supply and sanitation facilities constructed
• Increase in the use of latrine, particularly by female students
• Health and hygiene programs implemented through each Children's Club

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Scope for Replication in Other DMCs

There is scope for replication in other districts supported under CBWSS. The PDA will use participatory planning, implementation, and management of sanitation and water supply interventions, emphasizing the participation of school management committees and students. The process will be documented and reviewed quarterly by NRM.

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Reports and Related Documents

• Proposal: Piloting School-led Water Supply and Gender sensitive Sanitation in Kapilvastu [PDF]

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