Gender and Development

Viet Nam: National Assembly Adopts the Law on Gender Equality

On 21 November 2006, Viet Nam's National Assembly passed the Law on Gender Equality.

Primary school girls from Thap Cham, Viet Nam enjoy the moment in front of the camera. Photo by Anupma Jain, 2006.

Women's rights and gender equality are embedded in many of the Government's policies, including its constitution. Geographically diverse, Viet Nam is rich in culture and is proud of its rapid decline in poverty and its relatively good gender indicators.

Women's representation in Parliament is one of the highest in the region. Vietnam has virtually achieved universal primary education and is on track to achieving universal lower secondary education. Adult literacy rates for men and women are 96% and 91% respectively. Upper secondary school enrolment for girls is almost the same for boys in 2003-2004 (45% and 46% respectively). Vietnam has also exceeded the target of 30% of post graduate qualifications going to women (VGA 2007, pp.7-8).

Despite these impressive figures, levels of gender inequality exist across regions in Viet Nam and among ethnic groups. Gender gaps continue to persist. Rapid social change resulting from Viet Nam's accelerated economic growth could have different impacts on gender relations and gender equality if not managed carefully.

An elderly woman exerts her opinion during discussions about sanitation in Viet Nam. Photo by Anupma Jain, 2006.

The enactment of the gender equality law aims to respond to discrimination and inequality across different sectors in Viet Nam. The bill submitted for adoption by the National Assembly consists of six chapters and 44 articles, including provisions on responsibilities of the Government, State agencies, other agencies and organizations, families and citizens in ensuring gender equality in society. The Bill also includes provisions for inspection, oversight, handling, and punishment of violations of the gender equality law. A directive on the Gender Equality Law was issued on 3 May 2007. The Law is expected to take effect by mid 2007.

ADB supported the preparation process of the GEL through a technical assistance financed by the Poverty Reduction Cooperation Fund. The TA is continuing support to the Viet Nam Women's Union for developing implementation decrees and ordinances. For more information, contact Anupma Jain, SESS. Read more about the Law on Gender Equality.