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p. 8 of 9 BACK | NEXT I. Introduction II.Objectives and Scope III.Implementation Arrangements IV. JFPR Implementation Arrangements V. Conclusion VI. Recommendation Appendixes APPENDIX I: Examples of Potential Activities APPENDIX II:Draft Agreement

Cooperation with Japan: Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (2000) : Appendixes

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Appendix I: Examples of Potential Activities

A. Provision of Basic Economic and Social Services

1. Basic Education. The Project, Basic Education (Girls) Project, in Lao People's Democratic Republic, will help expand access and improve retention by:

1. providing educational facilities in primary education in 50 districts, and strengthen capacities at the central and provincial levels to plan, manage, and implement school construction and school development programs; and
2. promoting community participation in school management to increase the enrollment and retention of children, particularly girls, in primary schools.

The Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) could support the project by providing commuting facilities, water supply and sanitation facilities, and basic healthcare equipment for each school.

2. Agriculture and Rural Development. A proposed ADB project in southern Philippines will finance labor-intensive upgrading of farm to market roads, communal irrigation, and drinking water in poor municipalities to increase the income of small farmers and reach food security in the country. The project is demand driven and local government led and uses for monitoring and evaluation a creative cooperation with NGOs. The farm to market roads open up agricultural potential areas in remote and poor villages mostly in the uplands of a municipality. However, the project does not provide livelihood and sustainable income generation activities for poor households outside of agriculture. The JFPR could provide this additionality, and, thus make with a distinguished new component, a pro poor investment project, such as local product market facilities, specifically targeted towards the providing new income means for the poor.

B. Supporting Social Development Funds

3. Basic Skills Training. This project in Cambodia aims to assist in developing skills training programs for the growing service industry and for the delivery of basic health services, and to equip groups of disadvantaged and displaced people with income-generating skills. Since training was to be provided in actual production enterprises, a National Training Fund was created to reimburse these enterprises. A JFPR matching grant contribution to the training fund could greatly accelerate its utilization. It is especially worth noting that in the women's sewing and embroidery training program, the buildings and machines procured under the loan were little used because of a lack of consumables such as thread and cloth. A small grant of less than $100 per training center per annum could dramatically increase the effectiveness of the program.

4. Skills Development and Small Enterprise Fund. In Papua New Guinea, ADB is supporting a project that improves the income earning opportunities of the un- and underemployed through skills training, jointly financed by the government, NGOs, private training institutes, and the beneficiaries. A Skills Development Small Enterprise Fund is set up the interests of which is used to finance on a sustainable basis training in three pilot projects. A grant contribution from the JFPR could provide trainees supporting programs and other incentives for targeting the poor.

5. Sanitation, Public Health and Environment Improvement. In Kiribati, an ADB financed project aims at improving the quality and availability of safe drinking water, rehabilitate and expand sewerage and sanitation systems and promote hygiene and sanitation through better solid waste management. One feature of this project, which would be specifically useful for JFPR contribution, is the creation, through an NGO network, of a fund to help households building their own dry-pit sealed toilets to protect the water lens from being polluted through leakage. Another component, where JFPR support would make a difference is the promotion of hygiene campaigns in the neighborhood through NGOs.

C. Supporting NGOs' Activities for Poverty Reduction and Social Development

6. Community and Local Government Development. The ADB is currently supporting a project with local governments and communities in Indonesia. Local governments and communities will identify and implement small-scale infrastructure projects using labor intensive techniques to generate employment opportunities and expand access of the poor to economic and social services. The participation of civil society is critical for the success of the project. The JFPR could support NGO activities in the project's 35 to 50 districts. This would promote:

1. monitoring of individual sub-projects by the public;
2. dissemination of information on local development activities and issues; and
3. knowledge of conflict resolution, which has become increasingly important as Indonesia moves to a more open and democratic system of governance.

D. Project Supporting Activities

7. Community-Based Infrastructure Services. A proposed ADB project in the Kyrgyz Republic covers elected local governments in the southern part of the country, where about 60 percent of residents are poor. The project will provide basic infrastructure services, such as:

1. safe, adequate, and reliable piped water supply services;
2. sanitation facilities; and
3. flood control, drainage facilities, and improvement of local roads.

In addition, the project will improve health and hygiene education, water quality surveillance, and facilitate greater local government responsibility for basic social services. The JFPR could directly support the project through financing capacity building of 600 village level local governments to better operation and maintain the basic infrastructure services provided by the Project.

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