The 2020 Project: Policy Support in the People's Republic of China
Final Report and Policy Directions
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On-line edition: Free of Charge
Hardcopy price: $15.00 ISBN: 971-561-456-6
Publication Date: January 2003
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In February 2000, the Government of the People's Republic of China adopted a long-term strategy for developing the Western Region. During the 1990s, GDP per capita grew more slowly in the western region than elsewhere in the country. Per capita GDP in the western region is only 40% of that in the eastern coastal region.
Poverty is more widespread in the western region than elsewhere and land degradation, desertification, erosion, and water resource management problems are major problems. People living in the western region have less access to health and education facilities and physical infrastructure including roads, railway, power, telecommunications, and water supply are generally underdeveloped.
This book, which is divided into four parts, examines the various policies and initiatives which underpin the Western Development Strategy:
- Part I summarizes strategic directions, macroeconomic issues, fiscal and financial systems, agriculture and natural resources and social conditions.
- Part II identifies ways to strengthen the competitiveness of the Western Region by examining transport, energy, technology and competition policies.
- Part III examines opportunities for increasing employment and covers industrial policies, human resource policies, women and minorities.
- Part IV discusses ways to strengthen the capability of local governments, including cross-border cooperation, local government, water resources management, environmental conservation and pollution control, urban development and rural development.
The book concludes with a summary of the major policy directions and recommendations.
452 pages
List of Tables and Figures, Preface, Abbreviations, Glossary, References, Contributors, and Summary [ PDF: 32 KB | 12 pages ]
Part I: Strategic Directions
Chapter 1: The Macroeconomy [ PDF: 262 KB | 24 pages ]
The Western Development Strategy
History of Efforts to Promote the Development of the Western Region
The Economy of the Western Region Today
Implications for Macroeconomic Growth in the Western Region
Strategic Considerations in the Development of the Western Region
Chapter 2: The Fiscal System [ PDF: 111 KB | 20 pages ]
Fiscal System
Major Challenges Facing the Public Finance System
Policy Implications for the Fiscal System
Chapter 3: The Financial System [ PDF: 119 KB | 24 pages ]
Financial System
Financial System in the Western Region
Implications for Financial Policies
Chapter 4: Agriculture and Natural Resources [ PDF: 726 KB | 26 pages ]
Role of Government in Developing and Managing Natural Resources
Natural Resources and Environmental Issues
Problems in Agriculture and Forestry
Implications for Policies for Agriculture and Natural Resources
Chapter 5: Social Conditions [ PDF: 1511 KB | 26 pages ]
Demographic Context
Incidence of Poverty
Burden of Disease
Government Health and Welfare Programs
Implications for Government Policies
PART II: Strengthening the Competitiveness of the Western Region
Chapter 6: Transport Policies [ PDF: 2772 KB | 26 pages ]
Transport in the Western Region
Demand for Transport Services in the Western Region
Cross-border and Subregional Transport Issues
Implications for Transport Policies
Chapter 7: Energy Policies and Strategies [ PDF: 447 KB | 24 pages ]
National Energy Profile
Energy Consumption in the Western Region
Energy Balance Analysis for the PRC and the Western Region
Energy Policies and Related Issues
Case Studies in Regional Development and Energy Sector Finance
Implications for Energy Policies
Chapter 8: Technology Policy [ PDF: 88 KB | 16 pages ]
Role of Technology in Regional Economic Development
Recent Institutional Reforms and their Applicability to the Western Region
Biotechnology
Information and Communication Technology
Implications for Policies to Promote Technological Innovation
Chapter 9: Competition Policy [ PDF: 52 KB | 8 pages ]
Role of Government in Promoting Competition
Obstacles to Competition
Subregional Issues
Implications for Competition Policy
PART III: Creating Employment Opportunities
Chapter 10: Industrial Policy [ PDF: 97 KB | 20 pages ]
History of Industrial Policy
Industrial Structure of the Western Region
Constraints on Adjusting the Industrial Structure
Role of Industrial Policy in Economic Development
International Experiences in Industrial Policy
Competitive Advantages in the Western Region
Implications for Industrial Policies
Chapter 11: Human resources Policies [ PDF: 255 KB | 30 pages ]
Size, Skills,and Knowledge of the Labor Force
Employment
The Labor Market
Implications for Labor and Social Security Policies
Chapter 12: Women [ PDF: 112 KB | 22 pages ]
Background of Government Policy
Economic and Social Position of Women
Implications for Policies
Chapter 13: Minorities [ PDF: 107 KB | 16 pages ]
Regional Autonomy for Minorities
Social and Economic Conditions of Minorities
Participation of Minorities in Decision Making
Language Policies as Inhibitors of Upward Mobility
Implications for Policies on Minorities
PART IV: Enhancing Local Capabilities
Chapter 14: Cross-border Cooperation [ PDF: 1606 KB | 14 pages ]
Russia and Mongolia
The Central Asian Union
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Afghanistan and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Implications for Cross-border Economic Cooperation Policies
Chapter 15: Local Government [ PDF: 67 KB | 10 pages ]
Structure of Local Government
Critical Governance Issues for the Western Region
Future Role of Local Government
Chapter 16: Water Resources Management [ PDF: 568 KB | 22 pages ]
Water Resources
Use of Water Resources
Future Water Requirements
Water Resource Planning and Management Options
Implications for Policy Directions
Chapter 17: Environmental Conservation and Pollution Control [ PDF: 868 KB | 18 pages ]
Institutional Arrangements
Information, Monitoring, and Reporting
Environmental Planning
Pollution Control
Nature Reserve Management
Ecological Remediation
Ecological Research and Development
Implications for Environmental Protection and Pollution Control
Chapter 18: Urban Development [ PDF: 80 KB | 12 pages ]
Urban Land Management
Urban Infrastructure
Housing
Financing Urban Development
Implications for Policies for Urban Development
Chapter 19: Rural Development [ PDF: 182 KB | 12 pages ]
Rural Infrastructure
Food for Work Programs
Microcredit
Assessment of Priorities and Implications for Policies
Appendixes [ PDF: 88 KB | 20 pages ]
- Comments from Meghnad Desai
- Comments from Carl Riskin
- Comments from Keijiro Otsuka
Policy Directions [ PDF: 114 KB | 32 pages ]
- The Macroeconomy
- The Fiscal System
- The Financial System
- Agriculture and Natural Resources
- Social Conditions
- Transport Policies
- Energy Policies
- Technology Policy
- Competition Policy
- Industry Policy
- Human Resources
- Women
- Minorities
- Cross-border Cooperation
- Local Government
- Water Resources Management
- Environmental Conservation and Pollution Control
- Urban Development
- Rural Development
© Asian Development Bank 2002
All rights reserved
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the Asian Development Bank or those of its member governments. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use.
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