The report covers the main factors that enable fish farmers to generate sustainable livelihoods and reduce poverty and steps that can be taken to overcome binding constraints. It highlights the importance of access to capital assets (human, social, natural, physical, and financial) and to a range of services including markets, institutions, facilities, and infrastructure. The roles of legal frameworks, development policies, resource management, biosafety, and aquatic health are also emphasized. Case studies in Bangladesh, Philippines, and Thailand analyzed various aspects of freshwater aquaculture in diverse settings. The study offers many lessons and an analytical framework for researchers and development practitioners and concludes that ADB’s interventions in this area were generally successful. There is growing recognition of the importance of small-scale freshwater aquaculture to household food security and human nutrition, as freshwater aquaculture contributes to rural livelihoods, improves food supply, and makes low-cost fish available in domestic markets. (For the full report, see www.adb.org/Evaluation.)