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Planning for the Fire Prevention and Drought Management
Final Report

This report summarizes the results, conclusions and recommendations from ADB's Planning for Fire Prevention and Drought Management Project in Indonesia.

The project is part of ADB's support to Indonesia to assess the extent of the economic damage caused by the uncontrolled fires and drought in 1997/98.


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Contents

Abbreviations and Terms, and Definitions [ PDF: 469kb | 14 pages ]

Executive Summary [ PDF: 223kb | 21 pages ]

Ringkasan Eksekutif [ PDF: 239kb | 25 pages ]

  1. Introduction [ PDF: 141kb | 4 pages ]

    1.1 Project Overview and Terms of Reference
    1.2 Project Objectives
    1.3 Development and Implementation
    1.4 Scope of Work
    1.5 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements
    1.6 Purpose and Outline of the Report

  2. Causes, Effect, Extent and Cost of the 1997/98 Fires and Drought [ PDF: 154kb | 24 pages ]

    2.1 Background

    2.2 Fire and Drought Management Issues
    2.2.1 Area Burnt
    2.2.2 Peat Fires and Conversion Forests
    2.2.3 Institutional Capacity for Fire Prevention and Suppression

    2.3 Socio-economics and Food Security
    2.3.1 Socio-economic Survey
    2.3.2 Food Production

    2.4 Logging Residue and its Use
    2.4.1 Logging Residue Survey
    2.4.2 Residue for chips for pulp and paper production
    2.4.3 Furniture
    2.4.4 Fuelwood and/or Charcoal
    2.4.5 Energy
    2.4.6 Active carbon
    2.4.7 Constraints to cost effective supply
    2.4.8 Wood Residue Harvesting Systems
    2.4.9 Conclusions and Recommendations

    2.5 Climate and Early Warning Systems
    2.5.1 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation
    2.5.2 Horizontal Air Motion and Haze Transport
    2.5.3 Climate Monitoring in Indonesia
    2.5.4 Climate Modeling in Indonesia

    2.6 Early Warning Systems
    2.6.1 Fire and Haze Forecasting
    2.6.2 Peat
    2.6.3 Aircraft Surveillance

    2.7 Policy and Legislation

    2.8 Fire, Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management
    2.8.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems
    2.8.2 Effects on Biodiversity
    2.8.3 Marine Ecosystems
    2.8.4 Forest
    2.8.5 Estate Crops
    2.8.6 Indigenous Cultures
    2.8.7 Indonesia's National Biodiversity Action Plan

    2.9 Economic Costs of the Fires and Drought
    2.9.1 Forests and Timber
    2.9.2 Carbon Emissions
    2.9.3 Timber Plantations
    2.9.4 Estate Crops
    2.9.5 Agriculture
    2.9.6 Health
    2.9.7 Tourism
    2.9.8 Other Losses

  3. Policy Initiatives for Fire and Drought Management [ PDF: 72kb | 9 pages ]

    3.1 Indonesia in Transition: Forest Policy Reform
    3.1.1 Recent Acts of Parliament: Directions for Reform
    3.1.2 Critical Forestry Legislation: The Beginning of the Transition
    3.1.3 The New Auction System for Concessions
    3.1.4 The Move to Community Based Forest Management
    3.1.5 National Guidelines for the Protection of Tropical Forests Against Fire
    3.1.6 Rehabilitation Plans for the Million Hectare Peatland Project
    3.1.7 3.1.9 Recent State Regulations: Continuing the Reform Effort
    3.1.8 Budget Allocations for 1999-2000: Forestry and Environment

    3.2 Indonesian Policy Decisions

    3.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading
    3.3.1 Debt-For-Nature as a Feasible Option to Conserve Peat Forests in Indonesia


  4. Policies for the Proposed Investment Strategy [ PDF: 48kb | 8 pages ]

    4.1 Land Use Zoning and Management for Effective Fire Prevention
    4.1.1 Policy Proposals

    4.2 Land Clearance for Conversion to Cultivation
    4.2.1 Policy Proposals

    4.3 Fire and Drought Information Systems
    4.3.1 Policy Proposals

    4.4 Institutional Strengthening: Development of Local Capacities
    4.4.1 Policy Proposals

  5. Fire Prevention and Drought Management Investment Strategy [ PDF: 460kb | 61 pages ]

    5.1 Integrated Fire Management Systems at National, Provincial and District Levels

    5.2 Strategy 1: Fire Prevention at Central and Provincial Levels
    5.2.1 Education and Awareness Component
    5.2.2 Fire Management Planning Component
    5.2.3 Spatial Planning Component
    5.2.4 Forest Land Rehabilitation
    5.2.5 Sustainable Natural Forest Management for Fire Prevention
    5.2.6 Improved Land Clearing Systems and Procedures for Conversion Forests with Zero Burn Techniques for Fire Prevention

    5.3 Strategy 2: Early Warning Systems and Improved Atmospheric Services
    5.3.1 Meteorology and Climate Monitoring Component
    5.3.2 Air Quality Monitoring Component
    5.3.3 Development of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, Atmospheric Transport and Air Quality Modeling Capabilities Component
    5.3.4 Development of a Seasonal Climate Prediction Capability for the Indonesian Region Component
    5.3.5 Early Warnings for Drought, Fire and Haze
    5.3.6 Early Warning System Component
    5.3.7 Satellite Fire Monitoring and Detection Component
    5.3.8 Regional Fire Weather Warnings Component
    5.3.9 Improvements to Early Warning and Fire Management Component
    5.3.10 Fire Location and Mapping Component

    5.4 Strategy 3: Fire Suppression at the Provincial, District and Village Level
    5.4.1 Fire Suppression Training and Capacity Building Component
    5.4.2 Fire Fighting Equipment, Tools and Maintenance Facilities Component
    5.4.3 Fire Management Communication Facilities Component
    5.4.4 Peat Fire Prevention and Suppression Component

    5.5 Strategy 4: Fire and Natural Resource Management for the Maintenance of Biodiversity
    5.5.1 Preservation of Biodiversity Component
    5.5.2 Rehabilitation of Fire Degraded Areas Component

    5.6 Strategy 5: Institutional Strengthening
    5.6.1 Fire Management Coordination Component
    5.6.2 Fire Suppression Component
    5.6.3 Community Strengthening - Volunteer Fire Brigades Component
    5.6.4 Detection and Investigation Component
    5.6.5 Research Development and Training Component


  6. Economic Analysis of the Investment Strategies and Policy Reform [ PDF: 122kb | 19 pages ]

    6.1 Summary of the 1997 and 1998 Costs
    6.2 Occurrence of Fires and Drought
    6.3 Assumptions

    6.4 Without Investment Strategies and Policy Reform
    6.4.1 Estimated Losses

    6.5 With Policy Reform and Investment Strategy Implementation
    6.5.1 Estimated Losses
    6.5.2 Costs

    6.6 Cost Benefit Analysis
    6.6.1 Sensitivity Analysis
    6.6.2 Non-Valued Benefits


  7. Implementation Schedule, Responsibilities and Timing for the Investment Strategy [ PDF: 56kb | 4 pages ]

  8. References [ PDF: 74kb | 9 pages ]

Appendixes [ PDF: 90kb | 19 pages ]

Report of Phase 1 Workshop
Appendix 1. Phase 1 Workshop Schedule
Appendix 2. Phase 1 Workshop Participants

Appendix 3. Report of Phase 2 Workshop
Appendix 4. Current Fire Related Projects in Indonesia

Annex 1: Causes, Extent, Effect and Costs of the 1997/98 Fires and Drought in Indonesia [ PDF: 867kb | 210 pages ]
This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes, extent and costs of the 1997/98 fires and drought in Indonesia as well as the conclusions and recommendations on how future losses may be avoided and ameliorated. The report contains a number of maps showing the extent of the fires in 1997/98 in Riau and East Kalimantan and the land use and functional categories in which the fires occurred. There is an estimate of the extent of the fire scars in 1997/98 in the major islands. The executive summary of this report has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia.

Annex 2 [ PDF: 28kb | 3 pages ]
Contains essential technical background and information as Working Papers that support the Final Report.

Working Paper 1. Fire and Drought Management Issues [ PDF: 210kb | 65 pages ]
Working Paper 2. Socio-economic Issues in Relation to Fire and Drought [ PDF: 195kb | 53 pages ]
Working Paper 3. Legislation and Policy for Fire Prevention and Drought Management [ PDF: 135kb | 46 pages ]
Working Paper 4. Logging Residue and Policy Implications [ PDF: 501kb | 39 pages ]
Working Paper 5. Early Warning Systems - Planning for Fire Mitigation and Drought Management [ PDF: 408kb | 57 pages ]
Working Paper 6. Climate Modeling for Fire and Drought Management [ PDF: 815kb | 53 pages ]