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People's Republic of China - Old-Age Pensions for the Rural Areas: From Land Reform to Globalization

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Paperback (Publication Date: September 2002)
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ADB has financed several technical assistance projects to help the People's Republic of China (PRC) in reforming its social security system and strengthening institutional capabilities.The technical assistance studies conducted during March-July 2001 examined options and strategies for introducing unified pension and medical insurance schemes in rural areas.

This report provides an analysis of issues ranging from economic, demographic, and urbanization to experiences of pilot rural schemes and rural pension administration both at central and local government levels.

This report is being published at the request of the PRC Government to disseminate the findings of the study to a wider audience.

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Contents

Foreword, Plan of the report, List of Tables, List of Figures, List of Boxes, List of Abbreviations [ PDF: 106kb | 13 pages ]

Executive Summary [ PDF: 84kb | 16 pages ]

1. Why Rural Pensions? Need for Political Action [ PDF: 59kb | 10 pages ]

  1. Divided Citizenship: The Rural-Urban Divide
  2. Are Rural Pensions Needed at All?
  3. Reasons for Rural Pensions
  4. The Wider Context: Nation Building and Citizenship

2. Public Pensions in the PRC since 1949—A Changing Social Contract [ PDF: 130kb | 21 pages ]

  1. Rural and Urban Pensions Policy till 1997
  2. The Current Political Impasse
  3. Looking Back on 50 Years of Pensions: Development and Rationale

3. Providing for Old Age—Why and How? [ PDF: 101kb | 18 pages ]

  1. Welfare Mix, Not Pure Models
  2. Why Public Pensions? Rational and Moral Foundations
  3. Objectives and Models
  4. What is Social Insurance?
  5. Summary: Models of Old-Age Security

4. Learning from Other Countries? [ PDF: 112kb | 21 pages ]

  1. Problems of Social Security in Developing Countries—Is the PRC Different?
  2. Problems of Social Security in Rural Developing Areas—
  3. Rural PRC Different?
  4. Learning from Developing and Transitional Countries?
  5. Learning from Western Welfare States?

5. From East to West, From Rich to Poor—The Counties Visited [ PDF: 34kb | 5 pages ]

  1. Economic Development
  2. Demography
  3. Geography
  4. Social Support Measures for the Elderly

6. Key Issues of Reform [ PDF: 314kb | 56 pages ]

  1. Can Family and Land Still Provide for Old Age
  2. The MOCA/MOLSS Pension Schemes for Farmers: Success or Failure?
  3. The Modernization of Rural PRC—Toward Undivided Citizenship?
  4. The Economic and Political Environment of Pension Schemes
  5. Is There a Case for Commercial Provision?

7. Policy Perspectives [ PDF: 80kb | 15 pages ]

  1. Designing Pension Schemes for Rural PRC: Principles and Options
  2. Supporting Benefits and Services
  3. A National Scheme?
  4. Conclusion: Is There a Case for Public Pensions in Rural PRC? From Land Reform to Globalization

8. A Plan for Action: Filling the Social Security Gap for the Rural Elderly [ PDF: 54kb | 9 pages ]

  1. Problems and a Solution
  2. Practical Steps

References [ PDF: 58kb | 6 pages ]