Perceptions of the Poor
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(Publication Date: September 2001)
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This report presents the results of participatory poverty assessments with the poor that ADB carried out in rural Sri Lanka from July to September 2000. These districts are Moneragala (Southeast), Hambantota (South), Badulla (Central), and Trincomalee (Northeast).
These consultations aimed to
- help ADB gain a better appreciation of the problems, concerns, and priorities of poor households in Sri Lanka
- ensure that those groups were incorporated into the Partnership Agreement for Poverty Reduction to be signed between the ADB and the Government of Sri Lanka in 2001
The poor overwhelmingly identified infrastructure—connecting roads, electricity, and irrigation systems/water supply as their priority needs. Other issues considered to be leading causes of poverty were
- armed conflict
- low quality education that prevented poor children from passing on to higher levels of education
- fluctuating prices of agricultural crops and fish that deprive farmers and fisherfolk of access to steady incomes
Foreword, Abbreviations, and Acknowledgments [ PDF: 77kb | 10 pages ]
Executive Summary [ PDF: 94kb | 13 pages ]
Introduction [ PDF: 100kb | 6 pages ]
- Background
- Objectives of the Poverty Consultations
- Concerns and Priorities of the Poor
Methodology [ PDF: 37kb | 3 pages ]
- Conceptual Framework
- Methods
Poverty Profiles of the Four Districts [ PDF: 185kb | 27 pages ]
- Trincomalee District
- Moneragala District
- Badulla District
- Hambantota District
Perceptions of the Poor: The Participatory Poverty Assessments [ PDF: 281kb | 60 pages ]
- Defining Poverty: Local interpretations
- Differentiating the “Poor” and the “Rich”
- Dimensions of Poverty
- Spatial-infrastructural dimensions
- Political-economic dimensions
- Environmental dimensions
- Sociocultural dimensions
- Gender dimensions
- Dynamics of Poverty
- Causes of poverty
- Processes leading to poverty
- Processes of change: Interpreting“improvement”/”development”
- Poverty Alleviation Strategies
- Self-help/coping strategies
- Assistance from kin/community
- Assistance from the Government and NGOs
- Needs, Priorities, and Aspirations of the Poor
- Infrastructural-spatial dimensions
- Political-economic dimensions
- Environmental dimensions
- Sociocultural dimensions
- Gender dimensions
Key Poverty Challenges in Sri Lanka [ PDF: 58kb | 9 pages ]
- Prevention of Poverty
- Culminating the armed conflict
- Redressing regional disparities
- Developing infrastructure to reach the poor
- Creating income and employment opportunities
- Improving education and skills-training
- Conserving the natural resource base
- Social Protection of the Poor and Governance
- Increasing health/disability/elderly service options
- Healing the psychological scars of armed conflict
- Increasing accountability and effectiveness of both government and NGO poverty alleviation efforts
- Ensuring through an institutional mechanism that the poor contribute to decision-making processes that result in poverty policies
- Supporting an independent institutional framework to monitor poverty and impacts of poverty alleviation programs/projects
Key Issues to be Monitored Key Issues to be Monitored [ PDF: 54kb | 3 pages ]
- Targeting the “Poor”
- The Impacts of Pro-Growth vs. Social Welfare Programs/Projects on the Poor
- Gender Implications of Poverty
- The Contradictions between the Rhetoric and Practice of “Empowering” the Poor
- The Effectiveness and Accountability of Government and NGO Poverty Alleviation Programs/Projects
Conclusion [ PDF: 64kb | 2 pages ]
References and Glossary [ PDF: 68kb | 4 pages ]
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