Publications

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Contents

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1. Foreword



2. Executive Summary
Progress To End 2000
Achievement Of Millennium Development Goals
PRC Official Poverty Lines
Pillars Underlying Poverty Reduction
Cross-Cutting Themes In The Fight Against Poverty
Proxy Profile Of Rural Persons With Consumption Less Than $1 Per Day
Proxy Profile Of Urban Residents With Consumption Below The Average MLSS Line
The Way Forward



3. Understanding Rural Poverty In The PRC
Developing An Operational Definition Of Poverty
Definition Of Rural Poverty - 1986 Onwards
Definition Of Rural Poverty By Provincial And Local Governments
The Government’s 21st Century Definition Of Rural Poverty
Reduction in the Incidence of Rural Poverty
Rural Poverty Reduction in the Three Stages Defined in the Government’s White Paper Of 2001
Progress Toward The Millennium Development Goal On Poverty
Issue Of Consistency Of Official Data On Rural Poverty
Alternative Views On The Extent Of Rural Poverty Reduction
Location Of The Rural Poor
Concentration Of Rural Poverty In Western PRC
Types Of Rural Poor
A Classification Of Types Based On The Causes Of Rural Poverty
A Classification Of Types Based On The Relative Depth Of Rural Poverty
Profiles Of Rural Poverty
Those Under The PRC’s Official Poverty Line
Characteristics Of The Rural Poor By Region
Proxy Profile Of Rural Persons With Consumption Less Than $1 Per Day



4. The Fight Against Rural Poverty
Macroeconomic Impacts
Overview
Pro-Poor Economic Growth
A Contrary View
Institutional Responsibility For Rural Poverty Reduction
Coordinating Poverty Reduction Work
Implementing Rural Relief Programs (The Five Guarantees Program)
Implementing Other Rural Social Security Schemes
Role Of The Ministry Of Finance and The National Development and Reform Commission and Other Ministries/Agencies
Rural Financial Institutions
Government Rural Poverty Alleviation Strategies
Government Poverty Alleviation
The Government’s 2001-2005 Targets And Strategies For Poverty Reduction
Civil Society-Based Poverty Reduction
Informal Networks
Private Sector Support For Poverty Reduction
NGO-Supported Activities
Research Institutes
International NGOs
Assistance From International Donors
Asian Development Bank
World Bank
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Other UN And Regional Agencies
Bilateral Donor Assistance
Rising Total Cost Per Unit Of Rural Poverty Reduction



5. Understanding Urban Poverty
Urban Poverty As A Recently Perceived Problem
Defining The Urban Poor
Trends In The Incidence Of Urban Poverty
Numbers And Location Of The Urban Poor
The Floating Migrant Population And Poverty
Types Of Urban Poor
Profiles Of Urban Poverty



6. The Fight Against Urban Poverty
Macroeconomic Background
Structural Unemployment As A Cause Of Urban Poverty
General Overview
Institutional Responsibility For Urban Poverty
The Responsibilities Of The Cities
Ministry Of Civil Affairs
Ministry Of Labor And Social Security
Urban Poverty Alleviation Mechanisms
Funding For Urban Poverty Reduction
Civil Society-Based Programs For Poverty Alleviation
Assistance From International Donors



7. Vulnerable Groups In Rural And Urban Areas
Women And Girls
Minority Nationalities
The Disabled Poor



8. Conclusions and Recommendations
2000 – Before And After
Pillars Underlying Poverty Reduction
Cross-Cutting Themes In The Fight Against Poverty
The Way Forward



9. Appendixes
Appendix 1: Regional Characteristics From Year 2000 NBS Rural Household Survey
Appendix 2: Detailed Profile Of Urban Residents With Per Capita Annual
Consumption Expenditure Less Than 2,310 Yuan And Urban Non-Poor
With Annual Expenditure Greater Than 2,310 Yuan
Appendix 3: ADB Activities In Poverty Reduction In The PRC