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Viet Nam
- Upper Secondary Education Development Project - Loan 1979,
17 Dec 2002
Poor, ethnic minority and female students from 20 disadvantaged
provinces will directly benefit from component 2 (improved access,
equity and participation in upper secondary education) of the
project. Information, communication and education programs will
benefit and encourage ethnic minority girls to attend upper secondary
schools. The study support programs including tutorials and vocational
orientation will be developed and provided to 5,000 very poor
female and ethnic minority students to help them keep up with
their studies and be competitive with other students. A gender-inclusive
curriculum for upper secondary schools will include modules in
career orientation, information technology, health, sex and HIV/AIDS
awareness. Provision of about 1,500 classrooms will benefit 120,000
students and about 22,500 poor ethnic minority students. A Gender
and Ethnic Minorities Action Plan includes provisions for gender-inclusive
curriculum and teaching methods that will be sensitive to gender
and ethnic minority issues and cultural diversity. It will ensure
equal participation of women in in-service teacher training. A
gender specialist will ensure implementation of the Action Plan.
Loan covenant supports Gender and Ethnic Minority Action Plan.
- Second Red River Basin Sector - Loan 1855, 2001
The Project includes comprehensive gender action plan to ensure gender equity in project benefits; address gender inequalities in project service delivery; pay special attention to ethnic women as the most marginalized group; collect gender-disaggregated data through social assessments, monitoring and evaluation; ensure women's participation in subproject design to meet their specific needs; ensure representation of female staff at all levels of project management and equal opportunities for training; and ensure equal wage labor opportunities for women in the project.
In the water resources management component, gender-specific measures include incorporation of gender issues in action plans and implementation guidelines; use of ADB's gender checklists in training activities; requirement of female representation in the Red River Basin Organization (RRBO); engagement of international and domestic specialists to assist RRBO in addressing gender issues in integrated water resources management; and engagement of a specialist on gender and public health.
In the water services investment component, every subproject social assessment will include gender analysis and specific measures to address women's needs, with needs of poor ethnic minority women being given highest priority; all new water user groups and forest user groups formed under the project will include at least 40% women in their management committees, and management committees for participatory irrigation management and rural development support will include at least 40% women; all irrigation and drainage management committees must provide personnel statistics by gender and specialization, and demonstrate that female staff have the same opportunities as male staff; women will have equal work opportunities and equal pay in construction work on subprojects; and domestic specialists will provide gender training to all other consultants and executing agency staff involved in project implementation.
General loan covenants
support gender action plan and women's representation on certain
project implementation committees.
- Housing Finance Project - Loan 1990, 20 Dec 2002
Improved housing will create a healthier environment for women and children
particularly. Gender analysis during project preparation identified women's limited
access to resources and loan facilities. Savings and credit programs of the
Women's Union and NGOs have strongly encouraged the role of women in loan
activities and have helped them improve their knowledge and skills in savings and
repayment management. The outline Gender Action Plan(GAP) in the Appendix to
the RRP provides for an information campaign on lending guidelines to
participating financial institutions(PFIs), hiring of more female credit officers, and
gender sensitization of PFI and NGO staff to fully understand savings and
borrowing potentials of women in low-income housing areas.
- Central Region Livelihood Improvement - Loan 1883, 2001
The Project
will directly benefit women and their families by supporting
household food security; rural infrastructure (including water
supply for village home gardens); microfinance (at least 70%
sub-borrowers must be women, and project's microfinance unit
must include at least 1 woman); community development (including
female commune facilitators); and institutional strengthening
(including capacity building and training for provincial, district
and commune-level Women's Union staff). Women's Union will be
engaged to implement the household food security component and
support the microfinance component; gender-disaggregated data
will be collected and used for monitoring and evaluation; women's
groups will be formed to participate in annual village-level
meetings. Several specific loan covenants support these design
features.
- Third Provincial Towns Water Supply & Sanitation - Loan 1880, 2001
Social assessment undertaken during project preparation included
gender analysis and development of gender strategy (not fully
reflected in final project design presented in RRP). Women's
Union will be responsible for implementing public health awareness
program and sanitation credit scheme under Part A of project.
Women are expected to benefit from these project activities,
and generally from the provision of a safe water supply. Loan
covenant supports Women's Union's implementation of programs
under Part A.
- Rural Health- Loan 1777, 2000
Project objectives include improving quality of health care
services to women and other vulnerable groups in rural areas.
Gender-specific activities include improvements in maternal
health care services, special counseling on reproductive health
and domestic violence; encouragement of women's participation
in community health through collaboration with Viet Nam Women's
Union. Women and girls are expected to be majority of direct
beneficiaries; gender specific targets include increases in
antenatal care, identification of risk pregnancies and percentage
of district centers meeting OBGYN service standards. Loan
covenants require that at least 50% of project beneficiaries
be women and girls, and that community health activities be
carried out with collaboration and consultation of Viet Nam
Women's Union.
- Teacher Training - Loan 1718, 1999
Teacher training supported by project is expected to benefit
primarily (80%) women; at least 60% of beneficiaries of Masters
programs must be women (supported by loan
covenant).
- Agriculture Sector Development Program - Loan 1972, 25 Nov
2002
Program aims to increase sustainable growth and rural development
through research and extension restructuring, development of agro-industry
SMEs, improving crop diversification, integration of post-harvest
systems and agroprocessing, and increased stakeholder participation
in extension and improved technology dissemination. Wider coverage
of extension service, hiring of women and ethnic minority extension
agents, and the adoption of more participatory methods will enhance
the coverage of poor farmers, and address the needs of female
farmers and ethnic minorities. Job creation and women empowerment
will be beneficial impacts of the increase in women extension
workers. Women will benefit from higher agricultural productivity
and modern production techniques and technologies as a result
of improved agricultural research and technology transfer.
- Agriculture Sector Development Project - Loan 1973, 25 Nov
2002
Project loan will improve availability of and access to funds
for private agro-industry SMEs largely bypassed dby the formal
banking sector.
- Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project - Loan 1888, 2001
Project design
contemplates local participation in construction and maintenance
of provincial roads, and provides for small-scale improvements
in community infrastructure, agricultural extension and access
to credit under ethnic minority development plans; project framework
contemplates some involvement of the Women's Union in these
activities. RRP notes that improvements in transport links can
increase the risk of STD transmission; use of local labor, rather
than imported labor housed in temporary campsites, is expected
to reduce the risk of increased STD transmission in the project
area during road construction. Loan covenants require government
to set employment targets for women in road construction activities,
to pay equal wages for the same work, and to ensure that civil
works contracts require contractors to conduct information campaigns
on STDs and HIV/AIDS in campsites.
- Rural Enterprise Finance Project- Loan 1802, 2000
For loans to poor households, participating financial institutions will use a group-lending methodology and will not require traditional collateral; generally, they will not discriminate against women in provision of loans, will encourage women to borrow under their own names, and may use Viet Nam Women's Union and other mass organizations to assist with group formation, etc. Loan covenants support these design features.
- GMS:East-West Economic Corridor - Loan 1728, 1999
Gender analysis was conducted during project preparation to assess both positive and negative impacts on women. Improved roads are expected to provide women with more employment opportunities, better access to health, education and other basic services. Information campaigns and training will discourage trafficking in women and girls and the spread of HIV/AIDS; information campaigns and training are supported by loan covenants.
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