Indonesia: Tsunami Summary
Updated: 3 March 2006
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In December, the 12-month progress report on the post-tsunami recovery effort in Indonesia was released. The report, entitled "Aceh and Nias One Year after the Tsunami: The Recovery Effort and the Way Forward," was prepared by the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) Aceh-Nias in partnership with the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, United Nations Development Program, and International Red Cross/Red Crescent.
TSUNAMI IMPACT
Casualties
Dead: 130,406, missing 36,836, displaced 504,518
Overall Damage
The 26 December earthquake and tsunami caused heavy loss of life and great destruction in Aceh, and were followed by another strong earthquake in March near Nias island.
Total damage from the tsunami is estimated at $4.5 billion-$5 billion - almost equal to the entire GDP of Aceh - according to a damage assessment prepared and released by the Indonesian Government, World Bank, ADB, and other development partners in January. Read the full Preliminary Damage and Loss Assessment and Notes on Reconstruction.
The sectors most impacted were primarily private-sector dominated assets and activities that relate directly to the personal livelihoods of the affected urban and rural communities: housing, commerce, agriculture, and fisheries, and transport vehicles and services ($2.8 billion, or 63% of total damage and losses).
The biggest public sector damages were to infrastructure, the social sectors, and government administration ($1.1 billion, or 25% of total damage and losses). Monetized environmental damages are also significant ($0.55 billion, or 12% of total damage and losses), although they belong in a separate category as the environment will partially recover with the help of nature and time, as well as human intervention. These include damage to coral reefs and mangrove swamps, loss of land use and restoration of the coastal zone. Total damage and losses of this disaster -- net of environmental impacts -- are $3.9 billion.
Oil and gas facilities, which contribute half of provincial incomes, were reported not to have suffered substantial damage.
Economic Impacts
The disaster was devastating for communities, but left most of the country's main economic production centers intact. The national economy is thus forecast to expand by 5.7% in 2005, fueled by stronger domestic consumption and a revival in investment, according to ADB's Asian Development Outlook Update. The economy is expected to rise by 5.9% in 2006.
ADB ASSISTANCE
ADB has been working closely with the Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) to fast-track the design and implementation of projects on the ground. (See related article)
ADB has committed grants totaling about US$331 million, including cofinancing. These grants are designed in a flexible manner to meet emerging needs, based on expeditious procedures.
Given the serious devastation, ADB tsunami assistance covers various sectors: Agriculture, fisheries, irrigation, livelihoods, housing, water and sanitation, health, transport, power, spatial planning and fiduciary oversight.
ADB assistance to Indonesia on the tsunami can be summarized as thus:
- Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) and Contribution to the Multidonor Trust Fund (MDTF) totaling $300 million (from ADB's Asian Tsunami Fund) approved
- Community Water Services and Health for $16.5 million (total project is $81.2 million, but only $16.5 million is tsunami related) approved
- Three grants totaling $6 million from ADB's Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, financed by the Government of Japan, to help improve livelihoods, rehabilitate natural resources, and provide earthquake-resistant housing approved in
- Loan reallocations amounting to $64.6 million approved
- Another $4.5 million in cofinancing for other activities
- Some $10 million in technical assistance being processed.
- Total approved: $391 million
Out of the $300 million grant assistance to Indonesia, $290 million will finance the ETESP to support disaster management, reconstruction and rehabilitation in affected areas of Aceh and North Sumatra. (Read the project document)
The remaining $10 million will be contributed to the MDTF established by the Government of Indonesia. MDTF, expected to attract about $500 million in contributions from donors, is a vehicle to pool bilateral resources to ensure a systematic and coordinated approach to rehabilitation and reconstruction.
The ETESP will restore essential public services and rebuild infrastructure and promote the resurgence of private economic activity. This will be carried out in two phases:
The first phase, to be carried out to June 2007, will tackle urgent priorities in disaster management, rehabilitation and reconstruction in some of the less devastated zones. These include health, rural water and sanitation, irrigation and flood control, restoration of roads and bridges, local government capacity building, and spatial planning.
The second phase to run until April 2008, will carry out disaster management and reconstruction activities in the most devastated zones. Work will include expansion of activities under Phase 1, restoration of community infrastructure, spatial redesign of affected zones, power and rural electrification, and public administration.
Subprojects Submitted to BRR under ETESP
| Components/Sub-Components | Activities and Geographic Coverage |
| Agriculture | Activities
2. Rehabilitating agricultural support services
3. Community empowerment
Geographic Coverage |
| Fisheries | Activities
2. Capture fisheries
3. Aquaculture
4. Fisheries infrastructure Geographic Coverage
2. Nias and Nias Selatan districts |
| Micro and Small Enterprises | Activities |
| Health | Activities
3. Strengthening the capacity of the provincial and district to implement sector changes
4. Concentration on community-based mental health initiatives, and building a bottoms-up approach |
| Education | Activities and Geographic Coverage |
| Community and Rural Water Supply | Activities |
| Irrigation | Activities |
| Housing | Activities |
| Spatial Planning | Activities
Geographic Coverage |
| Roads | Activities and Geographic Coverage
2. Bridges Repair, Rehabilitation and Widening
|
| Power | Activities |
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