Key Indicators 2006: Measuring Policy Effectiveness in Health and Education

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Key Indicators series

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Foreword, Acknowledgements, Statistical Contacts, Introductory Notes [ PDF: 239kb | 9 pages ]

Part I – Special Chapter – Measuring Policy Effectiveness in Health and Education [ PDF: 5,634kb | 75 pages ]

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1. Introduction

1.1 Inclusiveness and Human Development
1.2 Why Focus on the Public Sector?

2. Health and Education MDGs in Developing Asia

2.1 Primary Enrollment
2.2 Child Mortality
2.3 Persistent and Growing Socioeconomic Inequalities

3. Government Involvement in the Health and Education Sectors

3.1 Theoretical Rationale
3.2 Historical Overview
3.3 Current Situation
3.4 What Determines the Size of Public Spending in the Social Sector?
3.5 Openness, Regional Integration, and Size of Government

CROSS-COUNTRY MACRO APPROACHES

4. Relating Social Outcomes to Public Expenditure Outlays

4.1 Does Higher Public Expenditure Lead to Better Health and Education Outcomes?
4.2 Problems of Making Inferences from Aggregate Cross-country Analyses

5. Social Production Functions and Technical Efficiency

5.1 Estimating the Frontier
5.2 Examples from the Literature
5.3 Limitations of Efficiency Analysis

WITHIN-COUNTRY MICRO APPROACHES

6. A Focus on Inclusiveness: Measuring Inequalities in Outcomes

6.1 Estimating MDG Outcomes for the Poor
6.2 Highlighting Spatial Inequalities in MDGs

7. Evaluating Public Expenditure for Inclusiveness: Composition and Benefit Incidence

7.1 Composition of Public Expenditure: Measuring “Pro-poor” Outlays
7.2 Participation Incidence
7.3 Benefit Incidence
7.4 Estimating Demand Functions from Household Data
7.5 What Makes Some Governments More Pro-poor than Others?

8. Learning About Effectiveness from Provision Surveys

8.1 Public Worker Absenteeism in Health and Education
8.2 Measuring the Quality of Public Facilities and Human Resources
8.3 Public Expenditure Tracking and Quantitative Service Delivery Surveys
8.4 Surveys of Beneficiaries

9. Impact Evaluation: Measuring the Effectiveness of Specific Interventions

9.1 The Methodology of Impact Evaluation
9.2 Evidence on What Works in Health and Education

EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING

10. Identifying Problems and Looking for Solutions: Evidence-based Policy Making

10.1 Macro-level Diagnostics
10.2 Micro-level Diagnostics
10.3 Evidence-based Corrective Policy Interventions
10.4 Responsibility and Accountability of Policy Makers

11. Conclusions

Bibliography and References

Part II - Millennium Development Goals Tables

Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger [ PDF: 131kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 103kb ]
Goal 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education [ PDF: 136kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 74kb ]
Goal 3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women [ PDF: 133kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 77kb ]
Goal 4. Reduce Child Mortality [ PDF: 130kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 162kb ]
Goal 5. Improve Maternal Health [ PDF: 110kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 34kb ]
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases [ PDF: 130kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 186kb ]
Goal 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability [ PDF: 155kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 103kb ]
Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development [ PDF: 155kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 78kb ]

Part III - Regional Tables

Table 1: Poverty, Inequality, and Human Development [ PDF: 112kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 39 kb ]
Table 2: Education Indicators [ PDF: 142kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 71kb ]
Table 3: Environment Indicators [ PDF: 98kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 41kb ]
Table 4: Health and Nutrition Indicators [ PDF: 131kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 50kb ]
Table 5: Mortality and Reproductive Health [ PDF: 130kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 480kb ]
Table 6: Population [ PDF: 112kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 33kb ]
Table 7: Population by Age Group [ PDF: 95kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 29kb ]
Table 8: Labor and Employment by Gender and Economic Activity [ PDF: 112kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 31kb ]
Table 9: Land Use [ PDF: 96kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 31kb ]
Table 10: Agriculture Production [ PDF: 125kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 43kb ]
Table 11: Total and Per Capita GNI [ PDF: 109kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 23kb ]
Table 12: Shares of Major Sectors in GDP [ PDF: 87kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 42kb ]
Table 13: Expenditure Shares in GDP [ PDF: 98kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 296kb ]
Table 14: Domestic Saving, Capital Formation, and Resource Gap [ PDF: 83kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 244kb ]
Table 15: Growth Rates of GDP and Major Sectors [ PDF: 132kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 54kb ]
Table 16: Inflation Rate [ PDF: 97kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 122kb ]
Table 17: Growth Rates of Merchandise Exports, fob [ PDF: 91kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 102kb ]
Table 18: Growth Rates of Merchandise Imports, cif [ PDF: 96kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 104kb ]
Table 19: Foreign Trade Indicators [ PDF: 94kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 28kb ]
Table 20: Direction of Trade: Merchandise Exports [ PDF: 113kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 37kb ]
Table 21: Direction of Trade: Merchandise Imports [ PDF: 99kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 41kb ]
Table 22: Government Finance Indicators [ PDF: 116kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 69kb ]
Table 23: Money Supply Indicators [ PDF: 97kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 30kb ]
Table 24: Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows [ PDF: 96kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 34kb ]
Table 25: International Reserves Indicators [ PDF: 128kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 43kb ]
Table 26: External Debt and Debt Service Payments [ PDF: 140kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 73kb ]
Table 27: Debt Indicators [ PDF: 128kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 61kb ]
Table 28: Official Flows from All Sources to DMCs [ PDF: 111kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 26kb ]
Table 29: Net Private Flows from All Sources to DMCs [ PDF: 97kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 27kb ]
Table 30: Aggregate Net Resource Flows from All Sources to DMCs [ PDF: 112kb | 1 page ] [ XLS: 27kb ]

Part IV - Country Tables

Pdf version contains data for years 1988, 1990, 1995, and 2001 to 2005.
Xls version contains annual time series for years 1988 to 2005.

Afghanistan [ PDF: 133kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 144kb ]
Armenia [ PDF: 140kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 117kb ]
Azerbaijan [ PDF: 142kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 222kb ]
Bangladesh [ PDF: 142kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 232kb ]
Bhutan [ PDF: 138kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 184kb ]
Brunei Darussalam [ PDF: 129kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 81kb ]
Cambodia [ PDF: 136kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 105kb ]
China, People's Republic of [ PDF: 145kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 100kb ]
Cook Islands [ PDF: 131kb | 4 pages ] [ XLS: 71kb ]
Fiji Islands [ PDF: 143kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 189kb ]
Hong Kong, China [ PDF: 145kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 187kb ]
India [ PDF: 145kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 236kb ]
Indonesia [ PDF: 140kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 188kb ]
Kazakhstan [ PDF: 124kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 206kb ]
Kiribati [ PDF: 114kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 85kb ]
Korea, Republic of [ PDF: 129kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 191kb ]
Kyrgyz Republic [ PDF: 123kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 202kb ]
Lao People's Democratic Republic [ PDF: 116kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 84kb ]
Malaysia [ PDF: 131kb | 8 pages ] [ XLS: 197kb ]
Maldives [ PDF: 115kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 108kb ]
Marshall Islands [ PDF: 113kb | 4 pages ] [ XLS: 100kb ]
Micronesia, Federated States of [ PDF: 108kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 77kb ]
Mongolia [ PDF: 124kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 105kb ]
Myanmar [ PDF: 148kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 97kb ]
Nauru [ PDF: 119kb | 2 pages ] [ XLS: 57kb ]
Nepal [ PDF: 122kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 172kb ]
Pakistan [ PDF: 124kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 185kb ]
Palau [ PDF: 102kb | 3 pages ] [ XLS: 74kb ]
Papua New Guinea [ PDF: 145kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 162kb ]
Philippines [ PDF: 132kb | 8 pages ] [ XLS: 201kb ]
Samoa [ PDF: 130kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 157kb ]
Singapore [ PDF: 128kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 163kb ]
Solomon Islands [ PDF: 137kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 155kb ]
Sri Lanka [ PDF: 127kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 183kb ]
Taipei,China [ PDF: 129kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 113kb ]
Tajikistan [ PDF: 114kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 147kb ]
Thailand [ PDF: 128kb | 7 pages ] [ XLS: 127kb ]
Timor-Leste [ PDF: 109kb | 4 pages ] [ XLS: 84kb ]
Tonga [ PDF: 120kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 166kb ]
Turkmenistan [ PDF: 129kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 148kb ]
Tuvalu [ PDF: 109kb | 4 pages ] [ XLS: 115kb ]
Uzbekistan [ PDF: 139kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 94kb ]
Vanuatu [ PDF: 116kb | 5 pages ] [ XLS: 89kb ]
Viet Nam [ PDF: 124kb | 6 pages ] [ XLS: 103kb ]

Sources [ PDF: 251kb |37 pages ]
Definitions [ PDF: 302kb | 15 pages ]

This book was prepared by staff and consultants of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The analyses and assessments contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank, or its Board of Directors, or the governments its members represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. The term “country” as used in the context of ADB, refers to a member of ADB and does not imply any view on the part of ADB as to the members sovereignty or independent status.

Asian Development Bank
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City
1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel + 63 2 632 4444
Fax + 63 2 636 2444

www.adb.org
ISBN 971-561-610-0
ISSN 0116-3000
Publication Stock No. 071106

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Key Indicators 2006: Measuring Policy Effectiveness in Health and Education

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