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Loans
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Significant Gender Mainstreaming
- Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project - Loan 1952, 2002
The project will address gender concerns by increasing scope of women's participation in municipal management and services as both beneficiaries and agents, i.e., at 30% of total membership in committees that would be involved in participatory planning, implementation and evaluation; generating employment opportunities for women in construction, maintenance and tree planting activities; and facilitating linkages of rural women beneficiaries with different support resources on microfinance to sustain livelihood. Women's participation will also be increased by recruitment and provision of quota in management committees. Market management regulations include committee memberships of female union council members who will be trained on their role as effective public representatives. Government assures LGED to fully carry out the Gender Action Plan(GAP) during project implementation. The component on LGED capacity building will train women in managing rural infrastructure facilities will properly address women's needs. Growth center markets and other infrastructure facilities will be designed to include areas for women. Gender specialist will be hired to support and monitor GAP in mainstreaming gender. Loan covenant assures implementation of the GAP.
- Second Small Scale Water Resources Development Sector-Loan
1831, 2001
The Project will give priority in work opportunities to poor
fisherfolk and destitute women, will address gender concerns
in all training activities (which should include at least 30%
female participants), and will provide special training and
support for women to participate in water management associations
and other activities; international and national gender specialists
will develop and help execute a more detailed gender strategy
during project implementation. Loan covenants support incorporation
of gender concerns in model bylaws for water management associations;
and inclusion of provisions on employment of destitute women,
equal wages and a prohibition against child labor in project
implementation agreements between the executing agency, local
governments and community organizations, to be monitored through
NGOs.
- Northwest Crop Diversification Project - Loan 1782, 2000
This loan
is designed with significant gender mainstreaming. Social analysis
undertaken in project preparation confirmed that women play
important roles in agricultural activities, and that 11-15%
of households are headed by women; however, women's access to
skills training and income-generating opportunities is constrained
by cultural factors. NGOs participating in project have strong
bias toward women in their lending and other programs; they
will encourage female heads-of-households and other female farmers
to participate in training, extension and credit activities,
and will ensure that farmers' groups include both men and women,
in mixed or separate groups. Project also provides for gender
specialist to develop gender strategy for formation of farmer
groups, village-based training and extension services appropriate
for women farmers, and monitorable indicators of women's participation
(supported by loan
covenant).
- Chittagong Hills Tract Rural Development - Loan 1771, 2000
Socioeconomic survey and participatory appraisal during project
preparation identified women's needs and preferences, including
microfinance, better water supply and road/trail access to schools,
health centers and markets, and suggested that women would be
willing to participate in project through local organizations
and community groups. Microfinance component of project targets
primarily women (requiring that at least 70% of borrowers must
be women); project also includes improvements in rural roads/trails
and other infrastructure, and provides for women's participation
in project through community organizations; loan
covenant requires women's participation in planning, social
mobilization and training activities.
View Report
and Recommendation to the President
 Top
- Basic Skills Development - Loan 1830, 2001
The Project addresses need to enhance availability of skills
training for women and address the male-oriented technical and
vocational education/training (TVET) structure by supporting
preparation of an equitable access promotion policy for TVET
and various measures to reach a female enrollment ratio of at
least 30% in skills training programs (at least 40% for training
under the community access program). These measures include
diversification of training programs to include female-friendly
trades; publicity to encourage women's participation in outreach
activities, skills training, testing and competitions; gender
awareness workshops for trainers and community representatives;
institutionalization of a planning and administrative process
to ensure gender balance in the TVET system; and inclusion of
women's bathrooms and dormitories in training facilities. Several
loan covenants support these provisions.
View Report
and Recommendation to the President
- Health Care Reform Program - Loan 1762, 2000
Policy reforms include review of gender equity in health service
staffing, increase in number of women health workers, increase
in number of hospitals providing reproductive health services,
strengthening of HIV/AIDS surveillance systems, and regulation
of breast-milk substitutes.
View Report
and Recommendation to the President
Top
- Greater Mekong Subregion/Mekong Tourism Development Project
- Loan 1969, 20 Dec 2002
Poverty reduction, economic growth, increased employment and
conservation of natural and cultural heritage will be addressed
by promoting ecotourism in the Mekong Basin countries. Women and
indigenous communities will benefit from ecotourism and village-based
tourism. Provision of efficient wastewater treatment and sewerage
disposal systems will improve health and general quality of life
of residents particularly, women and children. Participation of
national women's organization machineries will ensure implementation
and monitoring of the GAD plans which specify 50% participation
of women in all training programs; 40% membership of women in
ecotourism associations; community training on GAD issues related
to tourism; education and training programs on the health risks
of HIV/AIDS; and on the risks of trafficking and exploitation.
Women will be trained to be guides and managers, provide food
and accommodation for tourists, and sell handicrafts. Poverty,
gender, environment, resettlement and indigenous peoples' concerns
will be addressed in policy formulation. Gender Action Plan is
included in Appendix to the RRP.
- Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project - Loan 1939, 21
Nov 2002
Women constitute 51% of the population in the Tonle Sap region.
The project will specifically target women to provide full opportunities,
especially to heads of households, to be represented in community
organizations, training programs, and decision making activities.
It is targeted to allocate 40% of seats in community organizations
for poor and disadvantaged women. Poverty and social assessment
disclosed that vulnerable groups exist in the five provinces and
include widows and female heads of households. Project activities
to organize communities for natural resource management will ensure
participation of women through gender sensitization, at least
40% membership at various levels of community organizations, and
capacity building of women subgroups at village level. Ethnic
minorities would likewise be provided equal opportunities in project
activities. Loan covenant supports these strategies.
- Northwestern Rural Development - Loan 1862, 2001
Comprehensive gender strategy includes women-only discussion
groups; timing of training and planning sessions to fit women's
schedules; functional literacy (especially numeracy) training;
support and training for women members of village development
committees (VDCs); awareness campaign on joint land titling
and registration (with 75% target for joint land titles); information/awareness
campaigns using women as information channels; targeting women
for formation of savings and credit groups (women already represent
75-80% participants in existing schemes); close cooperation
with provincial and district staff of Ministry of Veterans'
and Women's Affairs; and engagement of 4 community development
specialists with GAD expertise to coordinate and supervise implementation.
Loan covenants support target of 50% female workers for rural
road rehabilitation; labor inspectors engaged to monitor contractors'
employment practices, including gender equity and timely payment
of market-based wages; targets of at least 30% women's participation
in project-supported CBOs and training programs; and other aspects
of gender strategy.
- Education Sector Development Project - Investment Loan 1865,
2001
The Project is expected to benefit girls in unserved and underserved
areas through construction of new schools in these areas with
separate toilets, water sources and dormitories (for secondary
schools); women will also be encouraged to take an active role
in local parents' committees.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
- Education Sector Development Program - Loan 1864, 2001
The Program includes an Education Strategy Plan with targets
for girls' enrollment; targeted assistance - such as scholarships
and social credits - to poor students, especially girls and
ethnic minorities; and an affirmative action plan to increase
girls' and ethnic minorities' enrollments.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
- Stung Chinit Irrigation and Rural Infrastructure Project
- Loan 1753, 2000
At least 20% of members of irrigation committee under project
must be women, based on percentage of female-headed households
in project area (supported by loan covenant); efforts will be
made to ensure participation of women in all project activities,
including water user groups, farmer field schools, and land
titling processes.
View Report
and Recommendation to the President
Top
- Sustainable Capacity Building for Decentralization Project
- Loan 1964, 10 Dec 2002
The project is expected to contribute significantly to improving
women's participation in regional governments. Given the clear
correlation between empowerment, poverty, and gender on the one
hand and the key role that the regional governments play in social
development on the other, the need for greater participation by
women in government is evident. Gender mainstreaming conditionalities
are incorporated in the Project to support specific reforms and
commitments in regions concerning merit-based appointments, promotions,
training and other opportunities for women's training and other
opportunities for women's advancement. A Gender Action Plan (GAP)
will be developed and will form an integral element of the district
capacity-building action plan. The project will ensure that mechanisms
are in place to review and secure the integration of gender concerns
throughout project implementation. A loan covenant supports the
provisions.
- Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project - Loan 1962,
6 Dec 2002
Women not only have limited access to economic services but also
in family decision-making. Gender Action Plan(GAP) assures women's
participation in setting up, operating and managing small-scale
income-generating projects. Formation and strengthening of Community-based
Organizations(CBOs) will give equal opportunities for women's
membership and representation and women will be encouraged to
assume leadership functions in organizations. Training needs of
women and indigenous groups will also be considered in the design
of training programs. Loan covenant also requires fielding of
women facilitators and community organizers and preference for
women beneficiaries of microenterprise programs.Gender disaggregated
data and gender indicators will help in monitoring project activities.
Detailed Gender Action Plan(GAP) is included in Appendix to RRP.
- Decentralized Basic Education- Loan 1863, 2001
Gender-specific measures include requirement of at least 2
women representatives on school education, subdistrict selection
and board education committees; targets of at least 50% female
teachers in development programs, at least 30 female participants
in school-based management training, and at least 50% female
recipients of scholarships; and separate facilities for girls
and boys in schools rehabilitated under the project. Detailed
loan covenant supports these measures.
- Community Empowerment for Rural Development- Loan 1765/1766,
2000
Project's gender strategy includes organizing women into separate
groups to encourage participation in project activities; ensuring
that women comprise at least 50% of members of community-based
savings and loan organizations (CBSLOs) and participants in
microfinance and other training; promoting women's participation
in CBSLO operations, including lending policies and development
of loan products; encouraging women to seek offices in CBSLOs
and community development working groups, and to apply for vacant
government staff positions in project area; in training of local
government and community leaders, setting targets of at least
30%, 25% and 20% for women's participation in diploma, bachelors
and masters programs; and ensuring that at least 3 of 11 district
managers, 2 representatives on each village planning committee,
and 50% of NGO facilitators are women. All gender-specific targets
are supported by loan
covenants.
- Decentralized Health Services I - Loan 1810, 2000
Focus group discussion with women during project preparation
revealed concern about disruption of health care services and
availability of contraceptives after phase-out of social safety
net program. Project provides training to provincial and district
health staff (with target of 50% female participation in each
training category); supports investments in family planning
and reproductive health; requires participation of women's organizations
in district health committees; and requires collection of gender-disaggregated
data for project monitoring. Loan covenants support 50% training
target and gender-disaggregated data collection.
View Report
and Recommendation to the President
- Technological
& Professional Skills Development - Loan 1792, 2000
Project supports establishment of at least 6 women's study
centers for higher education, and provides scholarships, 50%
of which will go to women; project also supports more gender-specific
research and gender training.
- Health & Nutrition Sector Development Program- Loan 1676,
1999
Reforms in health and nutrition sectors target women and infants
living below the poverty line; program includes outreach activities
to the poor for family planning, and services for mothers and
children; block grants to health centers will maintain services
and support a referral system for high-risk pregnancies.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
- Community and Local Government Support SDP- Investment Loan
1678, 1999
Based on stakeholder recommendations from consultations during
project preparation, women must receive at least 20% of direct
employment opportunities generated under project (monitored
on basis of district-wide wage bills), with financial incentives
to districts that exceed this target; at least 20% of facilitators
and representatives to elected councils and community development
fora are also targeted to be women; loan
covenant supports 20% employment target.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
Top
- Skills and Entrepreneurship Development - Loan 1786, 2000
Nineteen of 29 model resource centers supported by project
are in sectors (agriculture, services, light industry) where
90% of enrollees are female; project also provides microcredit
fund for graduates of primary vocational education institutions.
About 67,000 students and 32,000 graduates are targeted as direct
beneficiaries, of which 34% are expected to be female; project
monitoring includes collection of gender-disaggregated data.
- Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector - Loan 1742,
2000
Detailed social analysis during project preparation identified
women and children as primarily responsible for water collection,
but frequently excluded from participation in water supply projects.
Under project, women's community groups will receive training
and participate in decision-making related to water system improvements;
women's representation on water user councils and water/sanitation
agencies will be strengthened; employment opportunities will
be provided to women in project activities of water user councils
and water/sanitation agencies; and half of all training activities
for water agency staff will be directed to women staff. Loan
covenants support commitments on women's participation and
employment.
Top
- Greater Mekong Subregion/Mekong Tourism Development Project
- Loan 1970, 20 Dec 2002
Poverty reduction, economic growth, increased employment and
conservation of natural and cultural heritage will be addressed
by promoting ecotourism in the Mekong Basin countries. Women and
indigenous communities will benefit from ecotourism and village-based
tourism. Provision of efficient wastewater treatment and sewerage
disposal systems will improve health and general quality of life
of residents particularly, women and children. Participation of
national women's organization machineries will ensure implementation
and monitoring of the GAD plans which specify 50% participation
of women in all training programs; 40% membership of women in
ecotourism associations; community training on GAD issues related
to tourism; education and training programs on the health risks
of HIV/AIDS; and on the risks of trafficking and exploitation.
Women will be trained to be guides and managers, provide food
and accommodation for tourists, and sell handicrafts. Poverty,
gender, environment, resettlement and indigenous peoples' concerns
will be addressed in policy formulation. Gender Action Plan is
included in Appendix to the RRP.
- Northern Economic Corridor Project - Loan 1989, 28 Nov 2002
Poverty and social analysis pointed out that women and girls
are the most disadvantaged in Lao society. Health awareness remains
low and also the female literacy rate. Human trafficking is on
the rise but 80% of women have never heard of HIV/AIDS. The Lao
Women's Union will promote awareness on HIV/AIDS through training
of women leaders and youth groups.Government will implement a
detailed social action plan (SAP) that will ensure 50% participation
of women in decision making. The SAP targets the needs of ethnic
minority women and girls in participatory design and implementation
of all project components. A non-formal education program that
will provide skills and leadership training will also benefit
women and girls.Loan covenants address social issues such as child
labor, equal wages, prevention of trafficking and STDs transmission
and awareness programs, and participation of women in decision
making.
- Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project - Loan 1933,
11 Nov 2002
The parallel JFPR project provides grant financing for economic
and social investments to improve sustainable livelihood opportunities
for the poor and ethnic groups. Over 85% of women are farmers
and also do the bulk of household work. Provisions in the Gender
Action Plan(GAP) include recruitment of women to occupy 30% of
technical positions in Water Resources Coordination Committee;
gender sensitization of WRCC, Hydropower Office, MInistry of Agriculture
and Forestry, Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Service, and
District Agriculture and Forestry Office; at least 30% of extension
staff will be women; organizing and mobilizing of women's groups
for project activities; at least 50% of training programs designed
for women; 50% of beneficiaries will be women and will receive
joint or single titles to land and forest resources; women's groups
to undertake participatory evaluation of training and extension
programs of mass organizations NGOs and DAFO staff organizations
NGOs and DAFO staff In addition, 25% or more of producer/user
groups will include poor farmers, 30- 50% will be women; 50% of
extension and training staff will be from ethnic minorities, including
50% women. To promote gender equity, there will be regular training
of participating government agency staff in gender responsive
development, 50% women participation in training programs and
a genderresponsive PPMS(Project Performance Management System).
An international social development expert will be hired to support
ethnic group participation and GAD activities.
- Vientiane Urban Infrastructure and Services - Loan 1834,
2001
Project's village area improvement component includes a gender
strategy, providing for women's participation in village decision-making,
women-only focus groups, targeting of women in sanitation subprojects
and environmental/health awareness activities, and gender training
of local government staff. A gender specialist and Women's Union
representatives will support project activities at local level;
gender-disaggregated data will be collected for monitoring and
evaluation. Detailed loan covenant supports gender strategy.
(Gender strategy in RRP appendix includes 40% minimum target
for women's participation in village decision-making - not mentioned
in RRP text
or loan covenant.)
- Decentralized Irrigation Development and Management Sector
Project- Loan 1788, 2000
Project
targets poorest farmers, particularly women, by strengthening
farmer organizations and improving access to credit, modern
inputs and technologies, extension and marketing services. Project
ensures that women are registered members of water user associations,
and that 20% of decision-making positions on committees associated
with irrigation, extension and village development funds are
held by women (supported by loan covenant); at least 20% of
extension workers must be women, with at least 2 in each district
agriculture and forestry service office; and gender training
will be provided to all extension staff involved in project.
- Shifting Cultivation Stabilization - Loan 1698, 1999
To ensure women's participation in project activities, at least
1/3 of village development committee officer positions will
be filled by women; at least 1/3 of local volunteers under joint
SNV/UNV program (managing village revolving funds and village
development activities) will be women; village women's groups
will also be strengthened for income-generating activities;
provisions are supported by loan
covenant.
Top
- Skills Training and Vocational Education - Loan 1791, 2000
Project
supports special training programs for women and youth, including
skills training and small business development, especially for
women living on outer islands; construction of 2 special training
units for women and youth, and separate hostels and staff housing
for women and men; establishment of a Women's Training, Marketing
and Information Center; public information and outreach campaigns
using radio; and involvement of a gender outreach specialist.
Top
- Urban and Environmental Improvement Project - Loan 1966,
19 Nov 2002
Women ward members will actively participate in planning subprojects
, training programs for municipal institutional strengthening,
public health awareness campaigns, and education programs.Facilities
such as bus terminals, markets and public toilets will be designed
to address women's needs. Gender strategy addresses gender issues
on urban governance, urban infrastructure and ruralurban partnership
program. Gender strategy is included in Appendix to RRP. Loan
covenant assures gender issues will be addressed in all corresponding
project components.
- Small Towns
Water Supply and Sanitation Sector - Loan 1755, 2000
This loan is designed with significant gender mainstreaming.
Detailed social analysis during project preparation confirmed
that women and girls are main water collectors in small towns,
and expected to be main beneficiaries of project (due to less
time collecting water, more time for girls to attend school,
and improved health from clean water and improved sanitation).
To ensure that women's concerns regarding water supply and sanitation
are addressed, project requires town project offices to include
at least 1 female social worker and 1 woman representative from
the local water users and sanitation committee (WUSC); project
also provides for active participation of women in WUSCs, involvement
of WUSCs, and gender sensitization of executing agency staff;
NGOs and gender/community development advisor will facilitate
women's participation and ensure that gender issues are incorporated
in training activities and project monitoring. Loan
covenant supports women's representation in town project
offices.
- Governance Reform Program - Loan 1861, 2001
Policy reforms include several affirmative action amendments
to Civil Service Act to increase proportion of women in the
civil service, including special coaching classes for women
intending to take the civil service examination, a directive
to line ministries mandating women's participation in staff
development activities, and development of gender-sensitive
approaches to handling grievance and transfer issues; reforms
also include development of a promotion scheme to offset sociocultural
impediments to women's career advancement, and incentive mechanisms
(such as improvements in maternity leave, in-service training
and women-friendly facilities) to recruit and retain more women;
gender focal points will be assigned to the change units in
key ministries, and a female staff member will be included in
the Governance Reform Coordinating Unit. In addition to specifying
several of these reforms as conditions for tranche release,
loan agreement
includes covenants on related measures to improve recruitment
and retention of women in the civil service.
- Teacher Education - Loan 1840, 2001
The Project includes component on educating teachers and administrators
to better serve needs of girls and other disadvantaged groups
through gender sensitization training; representation of women
and other disadvantaged groups among primary school teachers
will be improved through 2,500 scholarships for pre-service
training; priority will also be given to female teachers in
filling about 3,000 annual vacancies, and to women candidates
for international staff development training; mid-term review
of project will include evaluation of strategies to improve
participation of women and other disadvantaged groups. Several
detailed loan covenants
support criteria for scholarships and filling of job vacancies;
collection of gender-disaggregated data for monitoring and evaluation;
and gender assessment in mid-term review.
Top
- Punjab Road Development Sector Project - Loan 1928, 31 Oct
2002
Gender analysis showed that 40% of informal construction workers
are women and their entire family works as a unit and are oftentimes
not provided with adequate facilities and appropriate working
conditions. Project ensures that civil works contracts will include
legally mandated provisions for health, sanitation and appropriate
working conditions including elimination of gender-differentiated
wages and child labor. Gender monitoring will be part of the poverty
monitoring mechanism for the project. Mainstreaming activtiies
of the executing agency(EA) include targeting of women as workers
in road construction activities, gender awareness training of
staff at provincial and district levels, strict implementation
and monitoring of labor laws, and provision of equal wages. Loan
covenant requires government to ensure that EA complies with labor
laws and regulations that address gender concerns as well as child
labor.
- Punjab Farmer
Managed Irrigation Project - Loan 1679, 1999
Social assessment during project preparation examined gender
issues, and confirmed that women in project area are primarily
involved in collection of drinking water, and active in livestock-raising
and crop production, but not directly involved in irrigation
matters; they expressed interest in becoming more involved in
community decision-making. Project provides for mobilization
of village women's groups for water management and other activities,
supported by women community mobilizers; at midterm review,
further strategies to strengthen women's participation and access
to resources will be examined. Project team includes gender
specialist; project monitoring includes assessment of effectiveness
of women's organizations.
- Malakand Rural
Development Project - Loan 1672, 1999
Surveys and consultations with women during project preparation
showed that a significant proportion of women are engaged in
farming, handicrafts and tailoring activities, but female segregation
restricts access to extension, health and education services.
Project objectives include women's human resource development
and improvement of their income-earning potential. Project activities
include development of community-based health services for women
(including popular health and nutrition education, and training
of 1000 female village health workers); development of women's
organizations into revolving savings and credit associations
with links to formal financial institutions; consultation with
women on design of irrigation schemes; and involvement of women
in design and implementation of water supply and sanitation
schemes. Project provides for 10 female social organizers, and
WID advisors to the executing agency and project management
unit, to ensure women's participation and improve service delivery
to women.
Top
- Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project - Loan
1925, 24 Oct 2002
Gender issues raised during the initial assessment showed the
importance of women's participation in both small- and large-scale
fishing. To contribute to poverty reduction in rural areas, women
who constitute a majority of fish processors, vendors and market
stallholders will directly benefit through the provision of skills
training on fish quality, marketing and business management, improved
health and personal safety through HIV/AIDS prevention measures
and awareness-raising, and improved sanitation and safe jetties
and shelters during the night. Gender issues raised during the
initial assessment showed the importance of women's participation
in both small- and large-scale fishing. Women will be targeted
for small business training and technical asssitance activities,
encouraged to form stakeholder associations and participate in
other community activities Government has committed to provide
activities Government has committed to provide gender awareness
training for government officials, private sector managers, and
other participants in the community-based fisheries development
and management component. Loan covenant supports gender activities
of the project.
- Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation - Loan 1812,
2000
Each Provincial Town Coordinating Committee overseeing project
implementation must include a representative of women's interests
and other community representatives (at least 50% of whom must
be women - supported by a loan covenant); women are targeted
under a JFPR grant for awareness training and health education,
which will be carried out with input from women's councils and
other women's representatives.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
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- Aquatic Resource Development and Quality Improvement Project- Loan 1911, Loan 1910/1911, 5 Sept 2002
Gender strategy specifies formation and strengthening of fishers'
associations that will ensure equitable opportunities for membership
and representation of women and also in assuming leadership functions.
Project Management Office(PMO) will give priority to women in
training and microcredit programs. Executing Agency(EA) will ensure
that women living in project area fully participate in project
planning and implementing activities. Training programs include
leadership, entrepreneurial skills development, inland fishery
and aquaculture production and management techniques, bookkeeping,
credit and debt service management. EA will provide gender awareness
training for all staff and will give preference to women in hiring.
A PMO staff will be a gender focal point to organize and coordinate
gender training activities and ensure that gender concerns are
incorporated in project activities. Gender strategy is included
in RRP. Government has agreed that at least 30% of persons to
be trained will be women. Loan covenant supports implementation
of gender strategy.
- Forest Resources Management Sector Project - Loan 1744, 2000
During project preparation, socioeconomic surveys of women
in target areas identified household uses of forest resources
and household activities. Social forestry component promotes
interests of female-headed households, including provision for
securing tenure rights in the woman's name and preferential
access to extension services; at least 40% of recipients of
training must be women; project monitoring includes women's
participation; loan
covenant requires that NGOs and CBOs involved in project
promote women's participation in implementation
- Coastal Resource Management - Loan 1716, 1999
Women in fishing communities will be mobilized to participate
in livelihood activities and skills training under project;
women's groups will also be involved in community- organizing
under the resource management component; provisions are supported
by loan covenants.
Top
- Higher Education Development - Loan 1699, 1999
Of 7 subprojects, 2 will have female directors and 3 will have
female deputy directors; gender balance is required for international
fellowships financed by project; participating universities
are aware of need to maintain gender balance in selection of
staff and students for new post-graduate and research programs
and scholarships; project monitoring includes gender-disaggregated
data collection.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
Top
- Economic and Public Sector Reform Program - Loan 1904, 28
May 2002
Project promotes overall macroeconomic stability and private
sector-led economic growth.The project includes mitigation measures
to counteract the negative impact of rightsizing such as ensuring
that women public servants and other vulnerable workers will have
equal opportunities to participate in training programs and avail
of small business opportunities. Although gender equity and status
of women is higher in Tonga than elsewhere in the Pacific, women
have a smaller share in paid employment and less technical and
higher educational qualifications. Project will also ensure adequate
representation of women on committees, task forces, and other
public bodies dealing with building a performance-based public
service. A monitoring unit will monitor policy implications of
the project's social and gender impacts. An HRMIS specialist will
see to it that the HRMIS enables gender analysis in line with
the Government's policy on gender equity. Loan covenant supports
this provision.
Top
- Urban Water Supply - Loan 1842, 2001
Social analysis during project preparation showed that women,
especially poor women, are particularly disadvantaged by water
supply deficiencies in the 3 project cities, and should benefit
substantially from provision of safe, continuous drinking water.
Project includes public health awareness campaign to be run
by women, and consumer rights and water conservation programs
to be implemented with NGO and CBO support; project implementation
units in each project city will set up consumer committees,
including representatives from city women's committees, to participate
in project implementation; selection criteria for participating
NGOs include evidence of involvement with women. Loan
covenants support participation of women in community groups
involved in project implementation, and opportunities for women's
employment in project activities.
- Ak Altin Agricultural Development - Loan 1833, 2001
Rayon consultative committee (RCC) will include women representatives;
social impacts of project will be monitored through collection
of gender-disaggregated data, and women's participation in water
user associations and training will be specifically monitored;
piggy-back TA will support promotion of women's participation
in RCC, project monitoring and other project activities. Women
are expected to benefit from project because they have equal
access to land, irrigation water and credit in the project area
(though RRP also notes they are primarily involved in seasonal
manual work such as cotton weeding and harvesting, where their
wages are about 80% of men's). Loan
covenant supports women's participation in RCC.
Top
- Housing Finance Project - Loan 1990, 20 Dec 2002
Improved housing will create a healthier environment for women
and children particularly. Gender analysis during project preparation
identified women's limited access to resources and loan facilities.
Savings and credit programs of the Women's Union and NGOs have
strongly encouraged the role of women in loan activities and have
helped them improve their knowledge and skills in savings and
repayment management. The outline Gender Action Plan(GAP) in the
Appendix to the RRP provides for an information campaign on lending
guidelines to participating financial institutions(PFIs), hiring
of more female credit officers, and gender sensitization of PFI
and NGO staff to fully understand savings and borrowing potentials
of women in low-income housing areas.
- Central Region Livelihood Improvement - Loan 1883, 2001
The Project
will directly benefit women and their families by supporting
household food security; rural infrastructure (including water
supply for village home gardens); microfinance (at least 70%
sub-borrowers must be women, and project's microfinance unit
must include at least 1 woman); community development (including
female commune facilitators); and institutional strengthening
(including capacity building and training for provincial, district
and commune-level Women's Union staff). Women's Union will be
engaged to implement the household food security component and
support the microfinance component; gender-disaggregated data
will be collected and used for monitoring and evaluation; women's
groups will be formed to participate in annual village-level
meetings. Several specific loan covenants support these design
features.
- Third Provincial Towns Water Supply & Sanitation - Loan 1880,
2001
Social assessment undertaken during project preparation included
gender analysis and development of gender strategy (not fully
reflected in final project design presented in RRP). Women's
Union will be responsible for implementing public health awareness
program and sanitation credit scheme under Part A of project.
Women are expected to benefit from these project activities,
and generally from the provision of a safe water supply. Loan
covenant supports Women's Union's implementation of programs
under Part A.
- Rural Health-
Loan 1777, 2000
Project objectives include improving quality of health care
services to women and other vulnerable groups in rural areas.
Gender-specific activities include improvements in maternal
health care services, special counseling on reproductive health
and domestic violence; encouragement of women's participation
in community health through collaboration with Viet Nam Women's
Union. Women and girls are expected to be majority of direct
beneficiaries; gender specific targets include increases in
antenatal care, identification of risk pregnancies and percentage
of district centers meeting OBGYN service standards. Loan
covenants require that at least 50% of project beneficiaries
be women and girls, and that community health activities be
carried out with collaboration and consultation of Viet Nam
Women's Union.
- Teacher Training - Loan 1718, 1999
Teacher training supported by project is expected to benefit
primarily (80%) women; at least 60% of beneficiaries of Masters
programs must be women (supported by loan
covenant).
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