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Topics Gender and Development ADB Gender Activities Loans Cambodia
CambodiaThematic Classification
The Gender Mainstreaming Strategy emphasizes significant benefits to women 's health which stresses availability of sufficient resources for MPA(Minimum Package of Activity) and CPA(Complementary Package of Activity)for the health system. Project will improve access to quality health service for 2.5 million women through strengthened safe motherhood services and improved antenatal care and emergency obstetric facilities. Project component to improve delivery of health services will have a major impact on the health status of the poor, women and ethnic minorities in 21 provinces. New and renovated health facilities include separate toilets for men and women.Equal training opportunities wil be given to women health service providers(at least 5,200 females) in the most remote areas to directly benefit ethnic minorities specifically on reproductive and child health. Under the component on health service planning and management capacity strengthening, 123 provincial, district and hospital managers in nine provinces will be trained in health service management, planning, monitoring and evaluation and equal opportunities will be given to competent women and ethnic minority managers. Men and women will also be equally represented in community health center committees. All project subcomponents will target women and girls who comprise more than 50% of project beneficiaries. Loan covenants support several aspects of and ensure implementation of the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy. Significant Gender Mainstreaming
Poverty reduction, economic growth, increased employment and conservation of natural and cultural heritage will be addressed by promoting ecotourism in the Mekong Basin countries. Women and indigenous communities will benefit from ecotourism and village-based tourism. Provision of efficient wastewater treatment and sewerage disposal systems will improve health and general quality of life of residents particularly, women and children. Participation of national women's organization machineries will ensure implementation and monitoring of the GAD plans which specify 50% participation of women in all training programs; 40% membership of women in ecotourism associations; community training on GAD issues related to tourism; education and training programs on the health risks of HIV/AIDS; and on the risks of trafficking and exploitation. Women will be trained to be guides and managers, provide food and accommodation for tourists, and sell handicrafts. Poverty, gender, environment, resettlement and indigenous peoples' concerns will be addressed in policy formulation. Gender Action Plan is included in Appendix to the RRP. Women constitute 51% of the population in the Tonle Sap region. The project will specifically target women to provide full opportunities, especially to heads of households, to be represented in community organizations, training programs, and decision making activities. It is targeted to allocate 40% of seats in community organizations for poor and disadvantaged women. Poverty and social assessment disclosed that vulnerable groups exist in the five provinces and include widows and female heads of households. Project activities to organize communities for natural resource management will ensure participation of women through gender sensitization, at least 40% membership at various levels of community organizations, and capacity building of women subgroups at village level. Ethnic minorities would likewise be provided equal opportunities in project activities. Loan covenant supports these strategies. Some Gender Benefits
To support the effective operations and functions of 1,621 commune and sankkat councils elected in February 2002, there will be strengthening of operating facilities, capacity development, officer training, mass media awareness, and establishment of a national civil registry system. An efficient civil registry system will provide women with the legal foundation for marriage, divorce, property rights, inheritance and parentage. A decentralization and training specialist will assess the gender impact of capacity building activities and identify measures to enhance the role and representation of women in a decentralized environment. HIV/AIDS awareness and anti-trafficking efforts will be implemented by the Government. A loan covenant requires that labor laws are adhered to by civil work contractors such as elimination of gender-differentiated wages and child labor. Female participation in construction works will be supported by the Social and Environment Division of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport.
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