Gender and Development

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Nepal

• Thematic Classification
• Significant Gender Mainstreaming
• Some Gender Benefits

Thematic Classification

1. Secondary Education Support Project - Loan 1917, 20 Sep 2003

Project components will provide equitable access to an improved learning environment for educationally disadvantaged groups, girls and ethnic minorities through improved facilties, curriculum, teacher development and management, and institutional capacity improvement. There will be provision of residential accommodation for women and girls in remote areas and scholarships for girls and other students from disadvantaged groups including those with disabilities. There will also be accommodation facilities for about 125 female teachers in remote and rural areas. Criteria for selection of schools in providing block grants in 10 pilot districts will include presence of disadvantaged communities and girls' enrollment. Loan covenants support scholarships for female students and those with disabilities,development of a curriculum sensitive to gender and cultural diversities, and affirmative action in selecting and training female teachers.

2. Crop Diversification - Loan 1778, 2000

   At least 35% of farmer group members (in women's and mixed groups) will be women, and special efforts will be made to encourage women farmer groups to participate in marketing training; field teams must include at least one woman and the project implementation office has a women's development officer; male and female field team members receive equal pay for equal work; buildings renovated or constructed under project must have women's facilities; women field staff receive ladies' bicycles; gender-sensitive training is included; project monitoring includes gender-disaggregated data collection and monitoring of women's participation, capacity development and access to resources; loan covenants support targets on women's participation and staffing, and several other gender-specific design features.

Significant Gender Mainstreaming

1. Urban and Environmental Improvement Project - Loan 1966, 19 Nov 2002

Women ward members will actively participate in planning subprojects , training programs for municipal institutional strengthening, public health awareness campaigns, and education programs.Facilities such as bus terminals, markets and public toilets will be designed to address women's needs. Gender strategy addresses gender issues on urban governance, urban infrastructure and ruralurban partnership program. Gender strategy is included in Appendix to RRP. Loan covenant assures gender issues will be addressed in all corresponding project components.

2. Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector - Loan 1755, 2000

   This loan is designed with significant gender mainstreaming. Detailed social analysis during project preparation confirmed that women and girls are main water collectors in small towns, and expected to be main beneficiaries of project (due to less time collecting water, more time for girls to attend school, and improved health from clean water and improved sanitation). To ensure that women's concerns regarding water supply and sanitation are addressed, project requires town project offices to include at least 1 female social worker and 1 woman representative from the local water users and sanitation committee (WUSC); project also provides for active participation of women in WUSCs, involvement of WUSCs, and gender sensitization of executing agency staff; NGOs and gender/community development advisor will facilitate women's participation and ensure that gender issues are incorporated in training activities and project monitoring. Loan covenant supports women's representation in town project offices.

3. Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector - Loan 1755, 2000

   This loan is designed with significant gender mainstreaming. Detailed social analysis during project preparation confirmed that women and girls are main water collectors in small towns, and expected to be main beneficiaries of project (due to less time collecting water, more time for girls to attend school, and improved health from clean water and improved sanitation). To ensure that women's concerns regarding water supply and sanitation are addressed, project requires town project offices to include at least 1 female social worker and 1 woman representative from the local water users and sanitation committee (WUSC); project also provides for active participation of women in WUSCs, involvement of WUSCs, and gender sensitization of executing agency staff; NGOs and gender/community development advisor will facilitate women's participation and ensure that gender issues are incorporated in training activities and project monitoring. Loan covenant supports women's representation in town project offices.

4. Governance Reform Program - Loan 1861, 2001

   Policy reforms include several affirmative action amendments to Civil Service Act to increase proportion of women in the civil service, including special coaching classes for women intending to take the civil service examination, a directive to line ministries mandating women's participation in staff development activities, and development of gender-sensitive approaches to handling grievance and transfer issues; reforms also include development of a promotion scheme to offset sociocultural impediments to women's career advancement, and incentive mechanisms (such as improvements in maternity leave, in-service training and women-friendly facilities) to recruit and retain more women; gender focal points will be assigned to the change units in key ministries, and a female staff member will be included in the Governance Reform Coordinating Unit. In addition to specifying several of these reforms as conditions for tranche release, loan agreement includes covenants on related measures to improve recruitment and retention of women in the civil service.

5. Teacher Education - Loan 1840, 2001

   The Project includes component on educating teachers and administrators to better serve needs of girls and other disadvantaged groups through gender sensitization training; representation of women and other disadvantaged groups among primary school teachers will be improved through 2,500 scholarships for pre-service training; priority will also be given to female teachers in filling about 3,000 annual vacancies, and to women candidates for international staff development training; mid-term review of project will include evaluation of strategies to improve participation of women and other disadvantaged groups. Several detailed loan covenants support criteria for scholarships and filling of job vacancies; collection of gender-disaggregated data for monitoring and evaluation; and gender assessment in mid-term review.

Some Gender Benefits

1. Secondary Education Support Project - Loan 1917, 20 Sep 2003

Project components will provide equitable access to an improved learning environment for educationally disadvantaged groups, girls and ethnic minorities through improved facilties, curriculum, teacher development and management, and institutional capacity improvement. There will be provision of residential accommodation for women and girls in remote areas and scholarships for girls and other students from disadvantaged groups including those with disabilities. There will also be accommodation facilities for about 125 female teachers in remote and rural areas. Criteria for selection of schools in providing block grants in 10 pilot districts will include presence of disadvantaged communities and girls' enrollment. Loan covenants support scholarships for female students and those with disabilities,development of a curriculum sensitive to gender and cultural diversities, and affirmative action in selecting and training female teachers.

2. Road Network Development - Loan 1876, 2001

   Poverty assessment included consultations with women, who identified indirect benefits from project through improved access to health facilities and schools; assessment also identified possible employment opportunities for women in road construction/maintenance and sale of food/water to road crews. Wherever possible, road construction will be undertaken by local road crews and implemented through village consultative forums; complementary activities include awareness-raising on preferred use of local labor, "alternative work opportunities" and "social damage resulting from undesirable social practices". Loan covenants require civil works contractors to comply with applicable labor laws, pay equal wages to men and women for work of equal value, not employ child labor, and include information on STDs and HIV/AIDS in health and safety programs at work campsites.

3. Melamchi Water Supply Project - Loan 1820, 2000

   Social Uplift Program will mitigate negative impacts of project and improve living conditions in Melamchi Valley; activities relevant to women include reproductive health, adult literacy, skills development, income generation, and anti-trafficking measures (for women and girls). At least one member of consultative committee for affected communities will be female; a gender strategy will also be developed to ensure women's participation and consideration of gender issues in project.

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