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Pakistan
- Punjab Community Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
- Loan 1950, 28 Nov 2002
Social analysis of the project showed that provision of potable
drinking water in the house will relieve women and children of
the burden of fetching water from distant sources and time may
be spent on more productive and income generating activities aside
from health-related benefits. Project includes a hygiene education
program wherein women councilors and lady health workers will
play a catalytic role in hygiene education and household latrine
promotion. Schools in the project area will also be provided with
safe drinking water and latrines.Since women and children are
main beneficiaries of the project, women will be involved in subproject
planning, design and implementation. Female Community-based Motivators(CBMs)
and female union councilors will assist the local women in forming
female community-based organizations (CBOs) in all subprojects.
To monitor women's effective participation and training opportunities,
a female assistant director for CDU(community development unit)
will be appointed to work with the women CBOs and CBMs. Also,
a microenterprise development specialist will identify effective
schemes and loan products for women. Gender strategy is included
in Appendix to RRP. Loan covenant assures women's participation
in planning.
- Decentralization Support Program-TA Loan on Gender and Governance
Mainstreaming - Loan 1936, 21 Nov 2002
The program will support the Government in addressing two key
inequities - gender and local government resource endowment. The
program has a two-pronged strategy - (i)support to implement Gender
Reform Action Plans (GRAPs) by strengthening policy and institutional
mechanisms for gender mainstreaming and (ii) mainstreaming gender
concerns in intergovernmental systems and procedures including
targeted capacity development for women councilors.The Gender
and Governance Sector Analysis and Mainstreaming in Appendix to
RRP discussed issues affecting women in the context of poverty,
political processes, civil service and access to entitlements,
and includes recommendations and strategies to increase women's
representation and participation. The technical assistance (TA)
loan supports implementation of the four central policy themes
in gender and governance-improving women's representation and
participation in political and administrative structures, policy
shift from social welfare to social development and from women's
development to gender equality, restructuring of national institutions
and procedures dealing with gender issues , and engendering planning
and budgetary processes to narrow the gender gap in public expenditure
and service provision. Targeted interventions with support from
the Gender Reform Program TA (TA3832) will be consolidated into
GRAPs and will be implemented by Ministry of Women's Development,
Social Welfare and Special Education(MWD) at the federal level
and women's development departments at the provincial level. Gender
disparities in public sector employment and women's exclusion
from governance structures will be the focus of targeted interventions.
- Sindh Rural Development Project - Loan 1934, 20 Nov 2002
The project will have a particular focus on women as the most
disadvantaged among the target groups.The component on improved
governance and legal support specifies that each lead NGO will
include male and female paralegals among their staff. A detailed
Gender Action Plan(GAP) emphasizes improving women's access to
services, and supports the introduction of labor-saving appropriate
technologies and the improvement of women's livestock management
skills. Each of the five project components have specific targets
and approaches to address gender issues and concerns. Project
also provides for a full time gender specialist per district and
the engagement of NGOs. Fifty percent of beneficiaries of training
programs will be women and at least 30% of village groups will
be women's groups. Loan covenant supports the implementation of
the GAP.
- Decentralized Elementary Education Project (Sindh) - Loan
1916, 19 Sep 2002
By increasing access to improved public elementary schools and
providing more equitable access to education especially for females
and the rural poor, the project will reduce inequities between
public and private schools in Sindh. About two-thirds of beneficiaries
will be female students who will receive stipends, free textbooks
and scholarships under the support for girls' education component.
A needs-based assessment to be done by school administrators,
teachers, and community representatives will be made to improve
access and facilties especially for girls in rural areas. This
also includes the establishment of model schools (one for boys
and one for girls) and 1,000 pre-primary classes in selected elementary
schools, 50% of which will be for girls. Each of the training
programs will contain gender component. The Gender Strategy Matrix
specifically identifies activities that would target female students
as beneficiaries.
- Access to Justice Program- Loan 1898, 2001
Policy reforms include introduction and implementation of an affirmative opportunity program to remove barriers and encourage women to enter the legal and judicial professions; establishment of a human rights and gender sensitization policy for the police, including appropriate training and introduction of reward-and-sanction performance systems to promote citizen orientation, human rights and gender sensitization within police forces; and establishment of a legal empowerment fund to promote legal literacy through different media and advocate for the rights of the poor and disadvantaged, especially women. A related TA loan will support, among other things, a study on laws adversely affecting the poor, particularly women and children.
View Report and
Recommendation to the President
- Reproductive Health- Loan 1900, 2001
The Project
primarily addresses women's health and nutrition status through
various targeted interventions, including improved in-service
training for providers of reproductive health (RH) services;
training of 4,400 female and 1,200 male family health workers;
construction and upgrading of RH centers; information and education
campaigns aimed at local leaders and men on family planning
and other RH-related issues; upgrading of midwifery schools
and other training facilities for RH services; and support to
NGOs, female paramedics and private practitioners to expand
and improve quality of RH services. Scholarships will be provided
to help village women get additional basic education needed
before technical training; health centers will be modified to
provide privacy for women during examination and treatment;
gender issues will be incorporated in training courses; women's
use of health services will be monitored through specific indicators.
- NWFP Barani Area Development - Phase II - Loan 1787, 2000
Project
goals include improving status of women in traditional conservative
areas where access and opportunities are limited. Gender-specific
interventions include forming separate women's organizations
(40% of total), providing village-based girls' education, training
female village teachers, health awareness and family planning,
training of traditional birth attendants, gender awareness programs
including civil rights and access to justice, skill and entrepreneurship
training, support for networking among women's organizations,
provision of microfinance loans (30% target for women), gender
specialists in project liaison office and district implementation
units, provision of separate hostels and office space for women
field staff and double cabin vehicles to facilitate women's
participation, and efforts by government agencies to recruit
and regularize more female staff.
- Microfinance Sector Development Program - Loan 1805, 2000
Microfinance policy framework will increase outreach of microfinance institutions to poor women; framework provides for establishment of new Microfinance Bank (MFB) with women directors, 40% women staff and 40% women clients; income from Microfinance Social Development Fund will fund training of women's community organizations in community management, skills development and leadership; Community Investment Fund will fund community-based subprojects (with 50% women beneficiaries).
- Microfinance Sector Development Project - Loan 1806, 2000
Project provides $68 million credit line for individual and group microloans for income-generating activities, community organization and skills training for women, and funding through the Community Investment Fund of community organizations for local infrastructure sub-projects. Microfinance Bank's (MFB's) mobile units will employ 40% female staff to disburse loans to women; targets include support for 24,750 community organizations including 225,000 women members (40% of total); additional targets for community management and leadership training of women; project monitoring includes gender-disaggregated data collection and project reviews include impact on gender relations; loan covenants support 40% targets for MFB's women staff and clients, training of women leaders and community organizations, gender-disaggregated data collection and regular monitoring of targets.
- Women's Health - Loan 1671, 1999
Project objectives
are to expand women's health interventions to underserved populations
in rural areas; develop women-friendly district health systems
that will benefit 2.4 million women each year; and strengthen
institutional capacity to improve women's health. Activities
include expanding community-based health care and family planning,
safe delivery campaigns, media campaigns on women's health issues,
development of women's health services and referrals, provision
of safe houses for abuse victims, education on HIV/AIDS, and
community-based training and advocacy. Loan covenants require
district women's health plans, and targets for training and
staffing of district midwives.
- Punjab Road Development Sector Project - Loan 1928, 31 Oct
2002
Gender analysis showed that 40% of informal construction workers are women
and their entire family works as a unit and are oftentimes not provided with
adequate facilities and appropriate working conditions. Project ensures that civil
works contracts will include legally mandated provisions for health, sanitation
and appropriate working conditions including elimination of gender-differentiated
wages and child labor. Gender monitoring will be part of the poverty monitoring
mechanism for the project. Mainstreaming activtiies of the executing agency(EA)
include targeting of women as workers in road construction activities, gender
awareness training of staff at provincial and district levels, strict implementation
and monitoring of labor laws, and provision of equal wages. Loan covenant
requires government to ensure that EA complies with labor laws and regulations
that address gender concerns as well as child labor.
- Punjab Farmer Managed Irrigation Project - Loan 1679, 1999
Social assessment during project preparation examined gender issues, and confirmed that women in project area are primarily involved in collection of drinking water, and active in livestock-raising and crop production, but not directly involved in irrigation matters; they expressed interest in becoming more involved in community decision-making. Project provides for mobilization of village women's groups for water management and other activities, supported by women community mobilizers; at midterm review, further strategies to strengthen women's participation and access to resources will be examined. Project team includes gender specialist; project monitoring includes assessment of effectiveness of women's organizations.
- Malakand Rural Development Project - Loan 1672, 1999
Surveys and consultations with women during project preparation showed that a significant proportion of women are engaged in farming, handicrafts and tailoring activities, but female segregation restricts access to extension, health and education services. Project objectives include women's human resource development and improvement of their income-earning potential. Project activities include development of community-based health services for women (including popular health and nutrition education, and training of 1000 female village health workers); development of women's organizations into revolving savings and credit associations with links to formal financial institutions; consultation with women on design of irrigation schemes; and involvement of women in design and implementation of water supply and sanitation schemes. Project provides for 10 female social organizers, and WID advisors to the executing agency and project management unit, to ensure women's participation and improve service delivery to women.
- Rural Finance Sector Development Program - Project Loan - Loan 1988, 2002
Project loan provides institutional strenthening support to ZTBL(Zarai
Taraqiati Bank Limited), SBP(State Bank of Pakistan) and project
management unit of MOF(Ministry of Finance). Though Pakistan has no
gender-disaggregated poverty data, studies showed that women bear the
burden of poverty within family and household. Access to and control over
resources are limited as is women's mobility because of seclusion. Strategy
to address gender issues such as improved access to formal credit will
benefit women because new microfinance institutions will be mandated to
allocate 25% of loans to women. Improved access to lending and training
together with mobilization will encourage entry of women entrepreneurs in
rural economies. Increasing access for women will require additional staff
and this will create additional job opportunities for women.
- Road Sector Development Program -- Provincial Sector Development Project - Loan 1893, 2001
The Project includes a pilot project to develop community-based
approaches to involvement of local populations, especially women
and the poor, in road sector development, including group formation,
training in road construction and maintenance, savings mobilization
and training in other relevant areas (such as bookkeeping);
groups will be awarded labor contracts specifying construction
and maintenance responsibilities for a specified road length;
pilot project will be implemented with assistance of an NGO
experienced in social mobilization and rural development. Loan
covenants require that civil works contracts include provisions
on health, sanitation and working conditions for construction
workers, and that contractors comply with applicable labor laws,
including those on elimination of gender-differentiated wages,
and not use child labor.
- NWFP Urban Development Sector- Loan 1854, 2001
Socioeconomic survey during project preparation included interviews
with female-headed households. Under community development and
participation component, mechanisms will be developed for community
participation, including consultation with women to identify
needs and activities for operation/maintenance of public facilities
(with support from community development advisor). Loan
covenants require identification of social concerns in development
of subprojects and mitigation of negative social impacts; monitoring
of economic and social benefits of project for women.
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