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Reference Materials
ADB Evaluations
The Country Assistance Program Evaluation in the Philippines (2003) concludes that "project success requires careful project preparation, including detailed analytical work and active participation of beneficiaries in design and implementation".
ADB's independent Operations Evaluation Department has published several evaluation studies on participation, including participation of civil society organizations in ADB-assisted activities. These include:
Selected Articles, Reports, and Presentations on C&P
- Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making*.
This report from the National Research Council (United States) concludes that, when done correctly, public participation improves the quality of agencies' decisions about the environment. Well-managed public involvement also increases the legitimacy of decisions in the eyes of those affected by them, which makes it more likely that the decisions will be implemented effectively. Agencies should recognize public participation as valuable to their objectives, not just as a formality required by the law, the report says. It details principles and approaches agencies can use to successfully involve the public.
- Private aid, in partnership with the Chinese government*, By Alan Wheatley, International Herald Tribune, August 5, 2008
- Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: A Practical Method for Project Planning and Evaluation* ; Boru Douthwaite, Sophie Alvarez, Graham Thiele, and Ronald Macay; ILAC Brief 17, May 2008.
- From the Ground Up Case Studies in Community Empowerment is a collection of stories from eight projects implemented in various sectors and countries using participatory approach. They reveal some of the challenges of pursuing participatory approach, as well as the liberating and empowering results achieved when such challenges can be overcome through the commitment of concerned parties, including dedicated individuals, communities, civil society organizations (CSOs), governments, and international finance institutions. This publication hopes to focus attention on the accomplishments of communities, expand appreciation for the potentials of bottom-up development, and encourage meaningful engagement of those directly affected by development activities.
- Involving the Citizenry in Local Governance . This case study was written by Social Development Direct (RETA Consultant) under the Regional TA 6270: Facilitating Knowledge Management for Pro-Poor
Policies and Projects with inputs from Raza Ahmad, Project Officer of RETA 6170, and Sonomi Tanaka, Senior Social Development Specialist, ADB.
- Empowering Poor Communities
in Development Projects , Bart W. Édes, 28-29 May 2008.
- "The Seeds of Development", Jet Damazo, 15 March 2007. In remote rural villages in Sri Lanka and Viet Nam, farmers were asked to rank the benefits of water supply according to importance using seeds. The information is used to design more effective local water supply projects for the community.
- "The Value of Participation in Development - Relevance to Soil and Water Conservation." This keynote address by Raymond Renfro, Asian Development Bank Institute Director of Capacity Building and Training, was delivered at the International Symposium on Participatory Strategy for Soil and Water Conversation in Tokyo on 27 November 2004.
- Modes of Participation: Experiences from RETA 5894: Capacity Building and Participation Activities II (2003). This study, by Cindy F. Malvicini and Anne T. Sweetser, illustrates varying forms of participation, from shallow to deep, through several short case studies of ADB activities - from poverty analysis and the Country Strategy and Program to projects supported by the RETA - in contrasting sectors throughout Asia and the Pacific region.
- "Mainstreaming Participation in ADB," an interview with Mr. Cedric Saldanha, ADB Senior Director, Governance and Regional Cooperation Division published in Volume 34, Issue 2 of ADB Review, 2002.
- "Poverty Assessment - Loud and Clear," Brent Dark, Volume 34, Issue 2, ADB Review, 2002.
- Participatory Development in Poverty Reduction Strategies: An Analysis of the Contributions of Participation* , Willver Da Rocha Severo, International Development Department, School of Public Policy, The University of Birmingham, 2002.
- Participation in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers: A Retrospective Study* , World Bank, January 2002.
- Making a Difference? Gender and Participatory Development*, Andrea Cornwall, Institute of Development Studies, 2001.
- Funding Upstream Participatory Activities, ADB, 2000.
- Mainstreaming Participatory Development Practices. ADB, 2000.
- Participatory Poverty Assessments*, Institute of Development Studies, July 2000.
- Participatory Approaches in Sanitation, from the Sanitation Connection (Sanicon)*. Sanicon is an Internet-based resource that provides access to information on technologies, institutions, and financing of sanitation systems around the world.
- Guidelines for Applying Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) to the Assessment of Criteria and Indicators (C&I).* This MCA prepared by CIFOR is a decision-making tool developed for ocmplex problems. The manual reviews the conceptual framework of C&I and introduces the theoritical basis of MCA, and methods such as ranking, rating and pairwise comparisons in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
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