Cambodia : Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
The proposed Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project will help the Government of Cambodia increase agricultural production by rehabilitating, modernizing, and climate-proofing selected irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. Subprojects will be undertaken to (i) enhance the efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems, and (ii) improve water resource management by building the capacity of government agencies and of farmer water user communities (FWUCs) so that they can operate and manage the irrigation systems better. The project will contribute to achieving targets defined in the government's strategy. The strategy aims to develop and expand the country's irrigated land and manage its water resources more effectively by improving existing irrigation systems, making water user communities more efficient, and reducing the vulnerability of the Cambodia's people to disasters caused by natural hazards.
Project Details
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Project Officer
Long, Piseth Vou
Southeast Asia Department
Request for information -
Country/Economy
Cambodia -
Modality
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Sector
- Agriculture, natural resources and rural development
Related Projects
Project Name | Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project | ||||
Project Number | 44328-013 | ||||
Country / Economy | Cambodia |
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Project Status | Closed | ||||
Project Type / Modality of Assistance | Loan |
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Source of Funding / Amount |
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Strategic Agendas | Environmentally sustainable growth Inclusive economic growth |
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Drivers of Change | Gender Equity and Mainstreaming Governance and capacity development |
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Sector / Subsector | Agriculture, natural resources and rural development / Irrigation - Water-based natural resources management |
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Gender | Effective gender mainstreaming | ||||
Description | The proposed Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project will help the Government of Cambodia increase agricultural production by rehabilitating, modernizing, and climate-proofing selected irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. Subprojects will be undertaken to (i) enhance the efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems, and (ii) improve water resource management by building the capacity of government agencies and of farmer water user communities (FWUCs) so that they can operate and manage the irrigation systems better. The project will contribute to achieving targets defined in the government's strategy. The strategy aims to develop and expand the country's irrigated land and manage its water resources more effectively by improving existing irrigation systems, making water user communities more efficient, and reducing the vulnerability of the Cambodia's people to disasters caused by natural hazards. The project is included in the Asian Development Bank (ADB) country operations business plan for Cambodia for 20152017. The project impact will be inclusive economic growth through agriculture and irrigation, in line with phase 3 of the government's Rectangular Strategy on Growth, Employment, Equity, and Efficiency for 20142018. The outcome will be water and agriculture productivity enhanced in the project area. The project will deliver two outputs: (i) Output 1: Enhanced efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems in the project area; and (ii) Output 2: Improved water resource management. |
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Project Rationale and Linkage to Country/Regional Strategy | Improved macroeconomic stability and public financial management reforms have helped Cambodia's economy grow during 20042014. Gross domestic product grew by 7.0% in 2014 and is expected to expand by 7.4% during 20152016. Agriculture accounts for 29% of gross domestic product and employs 72.3% of the country's work force, or about 5 million people. The livelihoods of 80.0% of Cambodians depend on the sector. Farming in Cambodia is mostly subsistence-level, rain-fed, and devoted to paddy rice production. Even though Cambodia has become self-sufficient in rice and a rice exporter, its rice-based farming generates low incomes for its people. Nearly one-quarter of its provinces have food deficits, and 16.1% of the population is undernourished, even though the annual paddy surplus now stands at 3.3 million tons. Rainfall distribution and river discharges vary significantly from season to season in Cambodia, which makes sustained year-round agricultural production difficult and increases vulnerability of the farmers' livelihood and rural economy. The timely availability and efficient management of water is of prime importance to enhancing agriculture productivity and achieving diversification in agriculture production and the rural economy. The deterioration of existing irrigation infrastructure is seriously compromising the government's plans to achieve these goals. In addition, droughts due to climate change may further restrict the availability of water and hurt agricultural productivity, particularly during periods of peak requirements. For this reason, irrigation scheduling, water gauging, and the designing of joint reservoir operations have been included in the project scope. The facilities the project will support may also be affected in the future by the high-intensity rainfall and excessive flooding that may result from climate change, and the project will therefore provide appropriate drainage facilities. Improving agricultural productivity, crop diversification, irrigation and water resource management, and water storage capacity are among the major thrusts of the government's national strategy. The strategy prioritizes the development of irrigated agriculture to ensure food security and to build up the rural economy. Of the 3.98 million hectares (ha) of agricultural land in Cambodia, about 1.3 million ha are within the command area of 2,730 irrigation systems. Most of these systems are either dysfunctional or underperforming due to the deterioration and aging of infrastructure, a lack of resources to rehabilitate them, and inadequate operation and maintenance (O&M). The two core irrigation systems selected for improvement by the project have a total command area of 20,301 ha, but only 11,935 ha of this land is currently being cultivated1,015 ha in the dry season and 10,920 ha in the wet season. This is due to water not reaching the farms because design life of main and distribution canals is already exhausted and they need rehabilitation. By ensuring that this land is better irrigated, the project will increase the cultivated area of these two subprojects to 28,083 ha10,912 ha in the dry season and 17,171 ha in the wet season. Irrigation consumes about 70% of Cambodia's water. Efficient, effective, and sustainable management of the country's water resources largely depends upon how smartly irrigation systems are managed to match the use of water with the seasonal crop requirements and minimize the losses in conveying this water to and applying it in the fields. Increasing public investments in irrigation infrastructure and introducing modernized operational management will make the country's irrigation systems more efficient and productive. The proposed project's interventions will enhance agricultural and rural economic productivity through increased efficiency of irrigation systems and improved management of water resources in upland areas of Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. |
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Impact | Inclusive economic growth through agriculture and irrigation (Rectangular Strategy on Growth, Employment, Equity and Efficiency, Phase III, 2014 to 2018) |
Project Outcome | |
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Description of Outcome | Water and agriculture productivity enhanced in the project area |
Progress Toward Outcome | The project implementation came to an end on 30 September 2021. All outcome and output targets have largely been accomplished. The project is now under winding-up period to close the project account. The project is providing irrigation water to 31,140 hectares (106%) against the target of 29,500 ha. The implementation of the gender action plan and environmental and social safeguards has been successfully completed with the required reports posted on the ADB website. |
Implementation Progress | |
Description of Project Outputs | 1. Efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems in the project area enhanced 2. Water resource management improved |
Status of Implementation Progress (Outputs, Activities, and Issues) | Drainage facilities improved from 0 ha to 1,780 ha, of which, Taing Krasaing (TK) 600 ha; O Kra Nhak (OKN) 0 ha; and Prek Chik (PC) 1,180 ha The laser land leveling contract was completed in September 2020 and accomplished 99.9 ha in TK and 100.7 ha in PC for a total of 200.6 ha. 21,026 ha of land have been improved (TK- 6,964 ha; OKN- 1,762 ha; PC- 11,500 ha, and OTC: 1,800). The project is providing irrigation water to at least 31,140 ha, of which 21,026 ha for wet season and 10,1147 ha for dry season, equivalent to 106% of the target of 29,500 ha. Assessment could only be undertaken during the operation of the irrigation systems equipped with canal flow measuring system. Efficiency of irrigation service delivery, as indicated by irrigated area in the dry season increased more than 100% from 1,125 ha without the project to 2,444 ha in 2020 and 4,147 ha in 2021. 257,292 person-days of unskilled laborers have been recruited, including 67,301 person-days of women (26.2%). 15 automatic weather stations (AWSs) and 15 automatic hydro-meteorological stations (AHSs) were installed in 2017. The data collected by the stations and automatically sent to the data server in every 15 minutes in MOWRAM. This data provides real time monitoring of water levels and rainfall and can be quickly shared with the public via mobile networks and the internet. Three farmer water users communities (FWUCs) and one FWUG have been formed [Taing Krasaing (TK)- 1; Okra Nhak (OKN)-1; and Prek Chik (PC)- 1]. The OTC FWUC has been integrated into PC FWUC. Training has been completed for all three FWUCs and one FWUG. Total membership in FWUCs is 5,101 HHs consisting of 18,220 persons including 8,678 women or 48% of total. Member of women in three FWUCS: " TK FWUC: 1,009 HHs consisting of 3,355 persons including 1,631 women (49%). " OKN FWUC: 547 HHs consisting of 1,001 persons including 483 women (48%). " PC FWUC: 3,545 HHs consisting of 13,864 persons including 6,564 women (47%). FWUC management committees have 135 members including 48 women (36%). Membership of women in each FWUC management committee: " TK FWUC: 36 members including 13 women (36%). " OKN FWUC:38 members including 14 women (37%). " PC FWUC (including OTC FWUG): 61 members including 21 women (34%). Annual O&M plan has been prepared for each scheme of which annual O&M plan for TK irrigation scheme has been submitted in September 2020, OKN submitted in December 2020, and PC-OTC submitted in April 2021.The tripartite agreement for Taing Krasang irrigation system have been signed and and is being implemented. PMU/MOWRAM has been working on this with MEF. MOWRAM Irrigation Department submitted the 2021 and 2022 O&M proposal for the three systems. MEF has yet to approve the proposal. |
Geographical Location | Battambang, Kampong Thom |
Safeguard Categories | |
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Environment | B |
Involuntary Resettlement | C |
Indigenous Peoples | C |
Summary of Environmental and Social Aspects | |
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Environmental Aspects | The project is classified as category B for environment. The updated Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) covering all contract packages and seven Environmental Monitoring Reports (EMRs) covering July 2016 to December 2019 have been disclosed. The identified minor environmental issues such as inadequate warning signs in nearby communities at CW09; and lack of cleaning of cutting shrubs and unused soils at CW05' site have been addressed and recorded in the EMR covering Jan-Jun 2020 as per the review mission's recommendation. All Social and Environmental Monitoring Reports have been prepared and disclosed disclosed on ADB website. |
Involuntary Resettlement | The project is classified as category C for involuntary resettlement. A resettlement framework was developed to guide the screening of all sub-projects. Resettlement due diligence reports (DDRs) for all nine awarded subprojects have been disclosed on ADB's website. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for the project has been established through commune, district, PMU, and PIU. The EA was advised to work with local authorities to continue informing beneficiaries about the project specific GRM. Any complaint should be properly documented in the logbook and appropriately addressed and reported on as per GRM procedures. |
Indigenous Peoples | The project is category C for indigenous people. No indigenous people live in the project area, and none are expected to be impacted by the project. |
Stakeholder Communication, Participation, and Consultation | |
During Project Design | Farmer water user communities (FWUCs) have been involved in the design process. The FWUCs have been consulted during PPTA implementation through focus group meetings, community consultation meetings and day to day field work. |
During Project Implementation | Subproject agreements have been signed with FWUCs for participating in implementation of the subprojects and taking over operation and maintenance responsibility of tertiary canals. |
Business Opportunities | |
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Consulting Services | The project will require 58 person-months of international consultant services and 610 person-months of national consultant services to provide technical support to help the PMU manage and implement the project efficiently. The consultant firms will be recruited in accordance with ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time). |
Procurement | Procurement is expected to involve small and large works contracts and goods and will be done using ADB's national and international competitive bidding and shopping methods. An imprest account will be maintained at the PMU level for ADB loan funds. |
Responsible ADB Officer | Long, Piseth Vou |
Responsible ADB Department | Southeast Asia Department |
Responsible ADB Division | Cambodia Resident Mission (CARM) |
Executing Agencies |
Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology |
Timetable | |
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Concept Clearance | 14 Aug 2014 |
Fact Finding | 16 Jun 2015 to 26 Jun 2015 |
MRM | 04 Aug 2015 |
Approval | 24 Sep 2015 |
Last Review Mission | - |
Last PDS Update | 01 Nov 2021 |
Loan 3289-CAM
Milestones | |||||
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Approval | Signing Date | Effectivity Date | Closing | ||
Original | Revised | Actual | |||
24 Sep 2015 | 10 Nov 2015 | 06 Jan 2016 | 30 Sep 2021 | - | 01 Mar 2022 |
Financing Plan | Loan Utilization | ||||
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Total (Amount in US$ million) | Date | ADB | Others | Net Percentage | |
Project Cost | 66.12 | Cumulative Contract Awards | |||
ADB | 60.00 | 24 Apr 2023 | 59.87 | 0.00 | 100% |
Counterpart | 6.12 | Cumulative Disbursements | |||
Cofinancing | 0.00 | 24 Apr 2023 | 59.87 | 0.00 | 100% |
Status of Covenants | ||||||
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Category | Sector | Safeguards | Social | Financial | Economic | Others |
Rating | - | Satisfactory | Satisfactory | Satisfactory | Satisfactory | Satisfactory |
Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program. Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed projects is tentative and indicative.
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Safeguard Documents See also: Safeguards
Safeguard documents provided at the time of project/facility approval may also be found in the list of linked documents provided with the Report and Recommendation of the President.
Evaluation Documents See also: Independent Evaluation
Title | Document Type | Document Date |
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Cambodia: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project | Validations of Project Completion Reports | Dec 2023 |
Related Publications
None currently available.
The Access to Information Policy (AIP) establishes the disclosure requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced in its operations to facilitate stakeholder participation in ADB's decision-making. For more information, refer to the Safeguard Policy Statement, Operations Manual F1, and Operations Manual L3.
Requests for information may also be directed to the InfoUnit.
ADB, Cambodia Sign Loans to Improve Irrigation and Disease Control Systems
Cambodia and ADB today signed loan and grant agreements totaling $64 million for two projects which will further improve the country’s irrigation schemes and malaria control and monitoring systems.ADB Loan to Help Transform Irrigation Systems in Kampong Thom, Battambang
ADB has approved a $60 million loan to increase agricultural production by rehabilitating, modernizing and climate-proofing irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces.
Tenders
Tender Title | Type | Status | Posting Date | Deadline |
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3289-CAM (SF): Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project (PMU-ESM-01) | Invitation for Bids | Closed | ||
3289-CAM (SF): Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project [PMU-ESM-01] | Invitation for Bids | Closed | ||
3289-CAM (SF): Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project [MOWRAM/ICB-CW09] | Invitation for Bids | Closed | ||
CAM: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project | Advance Notice | Archived |
Contracts Awarded
Contract Title | Approval Number | Contract Date | Contractor | Address | Executing Agency | Total Contract Amount (US$) | Contract Amount Financed by ADB (US$) |
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MOWRAM/DIR-CW11 CONSTRUCTION OF COLLAPSED DAM OF THE BASSAC RESERVOIR IN BATTAMBANG PROVINCE | Loan 3289 | 31 Mar 2021 | SEAK CHHEAV LENG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD | PHNOM PENH CAMBODIA | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 1,299,000.00 | 1,299,000.00 |
MOWRAM/ICB-CW09-IMPROVEMENT OF O TRACHEAK CHIT RESERVOIR AND PERTINENT CANALS AND STRUCTURE IN BATTAMBANG PROVINCE-PACKAGE 3 | Loan 3289 | 28 Jun 2019 | SEAK CHHEAV LENG ENTERPRISE CO., LTD | #621, STREET 357, PHNOM PENH CAMBODIA | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 4,731,819.51 | 4,731,819.51 |
UPGRADING, MODERNIZING AND EXTENDING THE MAIN, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CANALS OF O KRANHAK (ONK) IRRIGATION SYSTEM - MOWRAM/NCB-CW05 | Loan 3289 | 02 Aug 2018 | SBPH ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD | NO. 25A, ST 432, SANGKAT BEONG TRABEK, PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 2,209,524.00 | 2,209,524.00 |
MOWRAM/ICB-CW08 UPGRADING, MODERNIZING AND EXTENDING THE SECONDARY AND TERTIARY CANANLS OF PREK CHIK IN BATTAMBANG (PACKAGE 2) | Loan 3289 | 08 Aug 2017 | SOEUN SOKNAN CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD | MALORNG VILLAGE, PEA RANG DISTRICT, PREY VENG PROVINCE, CAMBODIA CAMBODIA | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 4,365,728.00 | 4,365,728.00 |
Upgrading, Modernizing, Extending the Secondary and Tertiary Canals of Prek Chik (PC) Irrigation System in Battambang Province - Package 1 | Loan 3289 | 23 May 2017 | Anhui Shui'An Construction (Cambodia) Co., Ltd | #11, St. Lom, Sangkat Teuk Thla, Khan Sen Sok, Phnom Penh, Cambodia | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 5,542,927.00 | 5,542,927.00 |
Upgrading, Modernizing, and Extending the Korkoah Secondary and Tertiary Canals of TK Irrigation System in Kampong Thom Province | Loan 3289 | 05 Jan 2017 | Seak Chheav Leng Enterprise Co., Ltd. | 621, Street 357, Sangkat Chbar Ampov II, Khan Chbar Ampov, Phnom Penh Cambodia | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 1,938,956.89 | 1,938,956.89 |
T04 - Bamungoria to Haripur | Loan 3289 | 05 Jan 2017 | Seak Chheav Leng Enterprise Co., Ltd. | 621, Street 357, Sangkat Chbar Ampov II, Khan Chbar Ampov, Phnom Penh Cambodia | Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology | 5,879,592.80 | 5,879,592.80 |
Procurement Plan
Title | Document Type | Document Date |
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Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project: Procurement Plan | Procurement Plans | Aug 2015 |