India: Fuels
Conventional fuels
Gasoline standards
Diesel standards
Alternative fuels
Conventional fuels
Leaded fuel: Phased out since 2000
Unleaded petrol has been sold in Delhi since September 1998. This has resulted in a 60% reduction in the level of lead in the air. By April 2000, leaded petrol was banned throughout the country.
In 2002, the Ministry of Petroleum released a draft on its Auto-Fuel Policy Report.
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Gasoline standards
| Characteristics | Requirements |
|---|
| Year 2000 | TARGET 2005 Spec (under review) |
|---|
| 1. Color, Visual | Orange | |
| 2. Copper Strip Corrosion for 3 hours at 50ºC | Not more than No. 1 |
| 3. Density at 15ºC, kg/m3 | 710-770 | 710-770 |
| 4. Distillation: | |
| Initial Boiling Point, ºC | Not Limited but reported |
| Recovery up to 70ºC, (E 70)% vol. min. | 10 - 45 | 10 - 45 |
| Recovery up to 100ºC, (E 100)% vol. min. | 40-70 | 40-70 |
| Recovery up to 180ºC, (E 180)% vol. min. | 90 | 90 |
| Final Boiling Point, ºC (FBP) | 215 | 215 |
| Residue, % vol., max. | 2 | 2 |
| 5. Octane Number (Regular) | 84 (AKI) | RON 89 |
| 88 (RON) | MON 79 |
| (Premium) | 88 (AKI) | RON 93 |
| 93 (RON) | MON 83 |
| 6. Potential Gum, g/m3, max. | 50 | 50 |
| 7. Existent Gum, g/m3, max. | 40 | 40 |
| 8. Sulfur Content, Total % wt., max. | 0.1 (0.05 in NCR*) | 0.05 |
| 9. Lead Contents (as Pb), g/l max. | 0.013 | Not Detectable |
| 10. Reid Vapour Pressure at 38ºC, kPa | 35-60 | 35-60 |
| 11. Water Tolerance of Gasoline Alcohol Blends, Temperature for Phase Separation, ºC max. | |
| Summer | 10 | 10 |
| Winter | 0 | 0 |
| 12. Vapour Lock Index (VLI) (VLI=10RVP+7E70), max. | |
| Summer | 750 | 750 |
| Other Months | 950 | 950 |
| 13. Benzene Content, %vol. max. | 5.0 (3% in Metros) 1.0 (NCR) | 1 |
| 14. Oxygen Content, m/m %max. | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| 15. Aromatics, %v/v, max. | No Limit | 4.5 |
| 16. Olefins, % v/v, max. | No Limit | 18 |
* In notified areas
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Diesel standards
| Characteristics | Requirements |
|---|
| Year 2000 | Target 2005 Spec
(under review) |
|---|
| 1. Acidity, Inorganic | Nil |
| 2. Acidity, Total, mg of KOH/g, max. | 0.2 |
| 3. Ash, % by mass, max. | 0.01 |
| 4. Carbon Residue (Ramsbottom) on 10% Residue, % by mass, max. | 0.3 |
| 5. Cetane Number*, min. | 48 | 50 |
| 6. Pour Point, max. | 3ºC for winter |
| 15ºC for summer |
| 7. Copper Strip Corrosion for 3 hr. at 100ºC | Not worse than no. 1 |
| 8. Distillation | |
| 85% Volume Recovery at ºC, max. | 350 | |
| 95% Volume Recovery at ºC, max. | 370 | 360 |
| 9. Flash Point Abel ºC, min. | 35 |
| 10. Kinematic Viscosity, cSt, 40ºC | 2.0 - 5.0 |
| 11. Sediment, % by mass, max. | 0.05 |
| 12. Density at 15ºC, kg/m3 | 820-860 |
| 13. Total Sulfur, % by mass, max. | 0.25 | (0.05)* |
| 0.05 | (0.035)* |
| 14. Water Content, % by volume, max. | 0.05 |
| 15. Cold Filter Plugging Point | 6ºC for winter |
| 18ºC for summer |
| 16. Total Sediments, mg per 100ml, max. | 1.6 |
| 17. Polyaromatics, % m/m, max. | No Limit | 10 |
* In notified areas
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Alternative fuels
On April 5, 2002, Supreme Court ruled that only CNG buses may operate on the streets of Delhi. Diesel buses are banned unless they are converted to run on CNG.
LPG vehicles are currently used in demonstration projects.
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