Malaysia: Reducing in-use vehicle emissions
Inspection and maintenance
1. Periodical inspection
Motor Vehicles (Periodic Inspection Equipment and Inspection Standards) Rules 1995:

- only commercial vehicles are subject to periodic inspection
- new vehicles (after '95) are inspected annually for the first 2 years and thereafter once every 6 months
- older vehicles (before '95) are inspected once every 6 months
- diesel vehicles are checked for black smoke levels (by free acceleration method)
- petrol vehicles are checked for CO and HC concentrations (at idle)
2. Privatization
In 1994 the Government's periodical inspection program was privatized. PUSPAKOM, a private company, was awarded the right to establish inspection centers.
PUSPAKOM has setup 31 computerized inspection centers in Malaysia.
3. AWASI
The Area Watch and Sanction Inspection (AWASI) Programme was first introduced in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 20,137 vehicles were visually inspected, out of which 982 were summoned and 531 were issued with prohibition orders.
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