Dams and Development
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Examples and case studies
The following examples are intended to illustrate approaches to options assessment at different stages in the planning cycle. The intention is to add to this list as the e-paper develops. Their inclusion here does not necessarily indicate endorsement by ADB.
Policy Level
Policy reform will influence on the way projects are planned and developed, but it is a process that takes time. Two examples are:
Vietnam: current processes to introduce more effective coordination across highly fragmented sectoral agencies and develop an integrated approach though a National Water Resources Strategy developed through the National Water Resources Council.
South Africa: legislative reform in 1998 that introduced an emphasis on basic human needs, the needs of ecosystems and water conservation . See the 1997 White Paper that outlines the policy reforms.
Strategic and Sector Planning Level
Strategic and Sector Planning Level
Options related to a limited range of technologies
The establishment of a national protection plan in Norway to safeguard certain river reaches and development of a master plan for hydropower development are outlined in sections 5.13 and 5.15 of WCDs case study on the Glomma-Laagen basin.
Nepal's Medium Hydropower Screening and Ranking Project and the Ceará State Integrated Water Resources Management Project in Brazil are described as case studies in the World Bank's Sourcebook on Stakeholder Involvement in Options Assessment Appendix 1.
Vietnam's National Hydropower Plan Study, conducted from 2001-2005, applied screening criteria for technical, economic, social and environmental factors to identify priority hydropower projects that would contribute to meeting the country's projected 15% per year increase in electricity demand.
Feasibility and Project level
China: Loess Plateau Watershed Rehabilitation Project (Loess 1 and II) is described as a case study in the World Bank's Sourcebook on Stakeholder Involvement in Options Assessment Appendix 1 and on UNEP-DDPs website
South Africa: Berg River Project is described as a case study in the World Bank's Sourcebook on Stakeholder Involvement in Options Assessment Appendix 1. Poland: Options assessment of the Wloclawek dam. Read the full report.
In Viet Nam, WWF International was requested to assist in reviewing preliminary feasibility studies of the proposed Ta Trach reservoir upstream of the ecologically sensitive lagoon near Hue and to propose alternative designs and mitigation measures. Their initial study led to a number of design improvements and reconsideration of the need for a second reservoir.
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