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Water, Sanitation, and the Millennium Development Goals
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Historically, water supply coverage in North and Central Asia has always been high. Sanitation coverage, however, has steadily declined from 1990 to 2002. The following data was culled from the Asia Water Watch 2015 study by ADB, WHO, UNDP, and UNESCAP. |
WATER, SANITATION, AND MDGS
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Of the region's 216 million people, 19 million still lack access to water supply and 44 million are still without adequate sanitation facilities in 2002. The urban populace without safe drinking water has declined from 5 million in 1990 to 2 million in 2002. However, rural water populace without safe drinking water increased to 17 million in 2002 from only 14 million in 1990.
| North and Central Asia Total Population: 216 million (2002) |
Served Population |
Unserved Population |
|---|---|---|
| Water Supply Coverage | 197 million | 19 million |
| Urban | 133 million | 2 million |
| Rural | 68 million | 17 million |
| Sanitation Coverage | 172 million | 44 million |
| Urban | 123 million | 12 million |
| Rural | 50 million | 32 million |
North and Central Asia's water sector development is generally slow. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan show no change. The declining coverage in other countries within this subregion is characteristic of the overall economic decline and disruption of many service institutions in the former Soviet Union countries during the early years of independence. Not one country is projected to meet the sanitation target.
However, an estimated annual investment of US$1.3 billion over the next decade will help speed up the region's progress towards meeting MDG 7 Targets.
In 2002, Armenia's total drinking water supply coverage was at 92% while sanitation coverage was at 84%. Water supply coverage was at 99% in urban areas and 80% in rural areas. Sanitation coverage was at 96% in urban areas and 61% in rural areas.
Armenia is expected to maintain its 99% urban water supply coverage until 2015, but urban sanitation coverage will likely decline from 96% in 2002 to 82% by 2015. The country needs more investments in sanitation to reach MDG 7 Targets.
No other country in the subregion comes close to Azerbaijan's performance over the 12-year period in both urban and rural coverage expansion. From 1990 to 2002, urban water supply coverage increased from 80% to 95%. Rural water supply also increased from 49% to 59%. Sanitation coverage was at 55% in 2002—73% coverage for urban areas and 36% for rural areas.
Azerbaijan is expected to reach 100% urban water supply coverage and 70% rural water supply coverage by 2015. Achieving the sanitation target, however, will demand greater investments.
Georgia has reached 76% total drinking water supply coverage and 83% total sanitation coverage in 2002. Ninety percent (90%) of urban areas in Georgia enjoy drinking water supply and 96% have adequate sanitation facilities. Rural areas are far behind with 61% water supply coverage and 69% sanitation coverage.
Georgia is expected to achieve 95% urban sanitation coverage by 2015.
In 2002, 86% of Kazakhstan has access to drinking water, while 72% has adequate sanitation. But while coverage in urban areas is expected to reach 100% by 2015, coverage in rural areas will only likely reach 72%.
Urban sanitation coverage was at 87% in 2002, but will likely drop to 76% in 2015 without the infusion of additional investments. Rural sanitation coverage is expected to remain at its 2002 rate of 52%.
Greater investment for water sector developments, particularly in the more populous rural areas, is the key solution to prevent the decline of Kazakhstan's water supply and sanitation coverage.
The 2002 data indicate that the country's water supply coverage was at 76% and sanitation coverage was at 60%. Drinking water is available to 98% of the urban population, and 66% of the rural population. Sanitation services covered 75% of the urban populace and 51% of rural populace.
The country will achieve 98% water supply coverage in urban areas by 2015 but will need to double investments to achieve the sanitation target.
The Russian Federation's total drinking water supply coverage reached 96% in 2002, up from 94% in 1990. Urban water supply is at 98% and is projected to reach 100% in 2015. Rural water supply coverage is at 88% and is expected to reach 90% in 2015.
Progress is slow in sanitation, with no projected increase from the 2002 data of 93% urban coverage, and only a slight increase to 77% from 70% for the rural coverage.
The country is expected to meet the water supply target, but will need more investments to reach the sanitation target.
In 2002, Uzbekistan had 97% coverage for its urban areas, and 84% for the rural areas. Coverage for urban water supply is projected to increase to 95% by 2015, but rural coverage is expected to remain the same.
For sanitation in 2002, urban coverage was at 73% and rural coverage was at 48%. For 2015, a marginal decrease to 72% is expected for urban sanitation, while an increase to 54% is expected for rural sanitation.
Without further investments in the water sector, Uzbekistan will likely encounter difficulties in achieving MDG 7 Targets.
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