Exchange rate developments are important considerations for central banks in the sense that they can affect their core mandate of price stability.
Rising market power impairs the effective transmission of monetary policy.
Excessive risk-taking by nonbanks could lead to systemic risk vulnerabilities in economic downturns.
Emerging Asian economies are overall more susceptible to monetary policy shocks emanating from the People's Republic of China than those from the United States.
Greater development of local currency bond markets helps to mitigate against capital flow volatility, while foreign investor participation has the opposite effect.
Greater climate vulnerability appears to have a sizable positive effect on sovereign bond yields, while greater resilience to climate change has an offsetting effect.
Vulnerability to the direct effects of climate change matter more than climate risk resilience in the implications for sovereign borrowing costs.
While the ultimate resolution of COVID-19 may lead to a market correction as uncertainty declines, there may be some permanent effects on financial markets and capital flows.
Current account surplus shocks emanating from the People's Republic of China, Japan, and Germany have strong positive effects on regional growth.
Developing countries throughout Asia have made impressive gains in sanitation improvement through efforts to reduce open defecation and improve toilet coverage, and hygienic citywide fecal sludge management programs have become critical.
Governments must climate-proof their economies and public finances or potentially face an ever-worsening spiral of climate vulnerability and unsustainable debt burdens.