India : Calcutta Environmental Improvement

Sovereign Project | 29466-013

The Project comprises the highest priority investments under the Municipal Calcutta Environment Improvement Program, a long-term master plan prepared under ADB technical assistance. The objectives of the Project are to improve the environment in the outer areas/boroughs of Kolkata, reduce poverty in the low-income areas through affordable access to basic urban service, facilitate community empowerment through participatory processes, protect the environment from adverse developmental impacts, and help develop KMC as a proficient and autonomous municipality. The Project has six components: stakeholder consultation process, sewerage and drainage improvements, solid waste management, slum improvements, canal improvements, and implementation assistance and capacity building.

Flickr photos from the 29466-013: Calcutta Environmental Improvement Project (KEIP) in India album.

Project Details

  • Project Officer
    Srivastava, Ashok
    South Asia Department
    Request for information
  • Country/Economy
    India
  • Sector
    • Water and other urban infrastructure and services
Project Name Calcutta Environmental Improvement
Project Number 29466-013
Country / Economy India
Project Status Closed
Project Type / Modality of Assistance Loan
Source of Funding / Amount
Loan 1813-IND: Calcutta Environmental Improvement
Ordinary capital resources US$ 250.00 million
Loan: Calcutta Environmental Improvement
Government of the United Kingdom US$ 30.00 million
Strategic Agendas Environmentally sustainable growth
Inclusive economic growth
Drivers of Change Gender Equity and Mainstreaming
Governance and capacity development
Knowledge solutions
Private sector development
Sector / Subsector

Water and other urban infrastructure and services / Urban flood protection - Urban policy, institutional and capacity development - Urban sewerage - Urban slum development - Urban solid waste management

Gender Some gender elements
Description

The Project comprises the highest priority investments under the Municipal Calcutta Environment Improvement Program, a long-term master plan prepared under ADB technical assistance. The objectives of the Project are to improve the environment in the outer areas/boroughs of Kolkata, reduce poverty in the low-income areas through affordable access to basic urban service, facilitate community empowerment through participatory processes, protect the environment from adverse developmental impacts, and help develop KMC as a proficient and autonomous municipality. The Project has six components: stakeholder consultation process, sewerage and drainage improvements, solid waste management, slum improvements, canal improvements, and implementation assistance and capacity building.

The original project was for $360 million including $250 million from the ADB loan. However subsequently the Borrower cancelled first $30 million followed by a further $42.2 million due to declining value of the rupee resulting in a net loan amount of $177.8 million. However, due to unprecedented rises in the price of steel, cement, petroleum products and general civil workjs in India due in part to world prices, but also because of the booming Indian economy, the overall cost of the project works have gone up by about 30% in the past 2 years. In order to complete the original scope of work, on the request of the Borrower ADB has approved, a supplementary loan of $80 million.

Project Rationale and Linkage to Country/Regional Strategy

Calcutta was prioritized for assistance because it suffers from severe environmental problems, and has a municipal corporation that has shown a willingness to implement progressive urban governance reforms in recent years. In Calcutta, urban infrastructure deficiencies are clearly evident. In the Project area, only 17 percent of the population are connected to a sewerage system, and less than 50 percent of the area is covered by a grossly inadequate drainage system. Industrial wastes flow, largely untreated, into the surrounding environment, exposing the community to acids, toxic chemicals, paints and varnish, and other highly toxic compounds. During the wet season, flooding occurs frequently resulting in widespread exposure to pathogens, particularly in the low-lying slum areas. The high population density of the slum settlements remains a major public health concern with regard to the transmission of communicable diseases, especially tuberculosis. Around 50 percent of the target population in the Project area live in slum housing or worse; this represents around 700,000 people. It is estimated that around 26-30 percent of the slum dwelling households in the target area fall below the poverty line - some 180,000 - 210,000 people, or 13-15 percent of the total population in the Project area.

The Project was incorporated in India's then 9th 5 year Plan and ADB's 1997-2000 country assistance plan. It was developed in accordance with the policies of India's 74th Amendment, Act to the constitution to devolve responsibility for municipal services from State line agencies to the local governments' municipal corporations. It also reflected India's strategy to expand development of the major urban centers of India, to provide improved access of the majority of urban dwellers to basic services.

Impact

Sustained improvement in the environmental health and quality of life of residents of the city of Kolkata.

Project Outcome
Description of Outcome

Provision and sustainable management of urban sanitation and solid waste management facilities in the project areas (contribute to the targets of Millennium Development Goal 7).

Progress Toward Outcome

1.2 million population with improved sewerage and drainage

5.0 million population with improved solid waste management

0.3 million slum population with improved basic services

Implementation Progress
Description of Project Outputs

Provision of new and rehabilitation of existing sewerage, drainage, and other urban infrastructure facilities completed in the Project areas

Basic slum improvements carried out and infrastructure facilities built in low-income areas and access to services provided.

Communities empowered and involved through participatory processes

STPs completed and functioning in line with standards

The KMC achieves cost recovery in relation to services and develops as a proficient and autonomous

municipality

Status of Implementation Progress (Outputs, Activities, and Issues)

365 kms laid

14 nos water bodies rehabilitated

218 kms desilted

51 bridges constructed and completed

2,880 families has been resettled

46,000 connections have been provided

Works physically completed

Geographical Location
Safeguard Categories
Environment B
Involuntary Resettlement
Indigenous Peoples
Summary of Environmental and Social Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Involuntary Resettlement
Indigenous Peoples
Stakeholder Communication, Participation, and Consultation
During Project Design During project formulation, stakeholder participation was ensured through open workshops and consultations with beneficiary groups and elected civil leaders. Although summarized as a discrete component under the Project, the consultation process will be integrated throughout all components.
During Project Implementation Stakeholders will be continuously consulted during project implementation and maintenance of the completed facilities, to ensure their interests have been addressed and to bring about their greater ownership of the facilities and cost recovery measures. Existing stakeholder networks will be used in the delivery of the process and will serve as a conduit for the Project. The consultative process is designed to involve all stakeholders in the decision-making processes of planning and implementing of the Project.
Business Opportunities
Consulting Services A total of 330 person-months (108 international and 222 domestic) of consulting services will be required from a team of international and domestic project management consultants to assist the project management units in the implementation, management, and monitoring of project activities. A total of 1,610 person-months of consulting services will be required from a team of domestic consultants for detailed engineering design and construction supervision. About 810 person-months of services from NGOs will be required to manage the stakeholder consultation process and resettlement operation. Selection and engagement of consultants will be in accordance with the ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants and other arrangements satisfactory to the ADB on the engagement of domestic consultants.
Procurement Procurement of goods and services financed by ADB will be in accordance with ADB's Guidelines for Procurement. Equipment, selected materials and civil works, will be procured using international competitive bidding and international shopping procedures as appropriate. Civil works contracts less than $3 million in valued will be carried out using local competitive bidding procedures acceptable to the Bank.
Responsible ADB Officer Srivastava, Ashok
Responsible ADB Department South Asia Department
Responsible ADB Division India Resident Mission (INRM)
Executing Agencies
Calcutta Municipal Corporation
Irrigation and Waterways Directorate
Timetable
Concept Clearance 26 Apr 2000
Fact Finding 06 Mar 2000 to 17 Mar 2000
MRM 17 Apr 2000
Approval 19 Dec 2000
Last Review Mission -
PDS Creation Date 29 Nov 2006
Last PDS Update 25 Mar 2013

Loan 1813-IND

Milestones
Approval Signing Date Effectivity Date Closing
Original Revised Actual
19 Dec 2000 18 Dec 2001 16 Apr 2002 31 Dec 2007 30 Jun 2012 20 Nov 2012
Financing Plan Loan Utilization
Total (Amount in US$ million) Date ADB Others Net Percentage
Project Cost 305.40 Cumulative Contract Awards
ADB 250.00 17 Jun 2022 162.71 0.00 100%
Counterpart 55.40 Cumulative Disbursements
Cofinancing 0.00 17 Jun 2022 162.71 0.00 100%
Status of Covenants
Category Sector Safeguards Social Financial Economic Others
Rating - Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory - -

Project Data Sheets (PDS) contain summary information on the project or program. Because the PDS is a work in progress, some information may not be included in its initial version but will be added as it becomes available. Information about proposed projects is tentative and indicative.

The Access to Information Policy (AIP) recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. It establishes the disclosure requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced.

The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of, or reference to, a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Title Document Type Document Date
Calcutta Environmental Improvement Project Reports and Recommendations of the President Nov 2000
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Project Completion Report Project/Program Completion Reports Sep 2015

Safeguard Documents See also: Safeguards
Safeguard documents provided at the time of project/facility approval may also be found in the list of linked documents provided with the Report and Recommendation of the President.

Title Document Type Document Date
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (October - December 2007) Social Monitoring Reports Dec 2007
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (July - September 2008) Social Monitoring Reports Sep 2008
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (October - December 2008) Social Monitoring Reports Dec 2008
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Environmental Monitoring Report (January - June 2009) Environmental Monitoring Reports Jul 2009
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (January - March 2009) Social Monitoring Reports Sep 2009
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (April - June 2009) Social Monitoring Reports Sep 2009
Calcutta Environmental Improvement Project Quarterly Monitoring Plan for the Implementation of the Resettlement Plan Social Monitoring Reports Oct 2009
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Environmental Monitoring Report (July - December 2009) Environmental Monitoring Reports Feb 2010
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Social Monitoring Report (July - September 2009) Social Monitoring Reports Mar 2010
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (January - March 2010) Social Monitoring Reports Aug 2010
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (January - June 2010) Environmental Monitoring Reports Sep 2010
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (July-December 2010) Environmental Monitoring Reports Feb 2011
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Environmental Monitoring Report Environmental Monitoring Reports Aug 2011
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project (January-June 2011) Environmental Monitoring Reports Aug 2011
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (July-December 2011) Environmental Monitoring Reports Mar 2012
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (October - December 2011) Social Monitoring Reports Apr 2012
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (January-June 2012) Environmental Monitoring Reports Jul 2012
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Quarterly Social Monitoring Report (January - March 2012) Social Monitoring Reports Dec 2012
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (July-December 2012) Environmental Monitoring Reports Feb 2013
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project: Progress Report (January-June 2013) Environmental Monitoring Reports Jul 2013

Evaluation Documents See also: Independent Evaluation

None currently available.


Related Publications

None currently available.


The Access to Information Policy (AIP) establishes the disclosure requirements for documents and information ADB produces or requires to be produced in its operations to facilitate stakeholder participation in ADB's decision-making. For more information, refer to the Safeguard Policy Statement, Operations Manual F1, and Operations Manual L3.

Requests for information may also be directed to the InfoUnit.

  • 27 Sep 2012 | Project Result / Case Study

    India: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project - 2011

    Kolkata Municipality, with a population of 4.5 million people, is the most densely populated inner core area of the Kolkata Metropolitan Area. The project aimed to enhance the quality of life of the people of Kolkata Municipality by improving the urban environment and providing equitable access to municipal services, especially by the poor.

Tenders

No tenders for this project were found.

Contracts Awarded

No contracts awarded for this project were found

Procurement Plan

None currently available.