Indonesia : Urban Sanitation and Rural Infrastructure Support to PNPM Mandiri Project

Agriculture, natural resources and rural development / Irrigation - Rural water policy, institutional and capacity development - Rural water supply services

Transport / Road transport (non-urban)

Water and other urban infrastructure and services / Urban sanitation

The Government of Indonesia requested ADB support to scale up ongoing assistance to the PNPM Mandiri scheme to (i) further upgrade basic rural infrastructure in poor villages located in provinces covered by ongoing ADB supported projects, and (ii) promote community-driven sanitation development to contribute to achieving the MDG target, to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic sanitation. The Project is included in the Country Operations Business Plan (COBP 2010 2012).

The Government has made poverty alleviation a development priority, thus the new Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM) for 2010-2014 targets an average growth rate of 6%-7% per year, with a reduction in the poverty rate from 14.2% in 2009 to 8-10% by 2014. The Government's foremost poverty reduction program is PNPM Mandiri, which provides assistance to poor rural and urban communities nationwide through up to three cycles of block grants for improving essential social services and basic infrastructure. The RPJM for 2010-2014 includes PNPM Mandiri as a development tool to accelerate poverty alleviation with an indicative budget allocation of $6,754 million over five years for seven PNPM programs.

Currently, ADB is supporting Government's PNPM Mandiri scheme through two projects: (i) the Rural Infrastructure Support to PNPM Mandiri Project (RIS-PNPM) for $50.0 million; and (ii) RIS-PNPM Project II for $84.2 million.

While Indonesia has generally made good progress towards accelerting achievement of the MDGs; the MDG targets for access to basic sanitation need special attention. The percentage of Indonesians with access to improved sanitation facilities has doubled since 1993, but progress has been slower than in other countries in the region at similar levels of economic development. In 2009, only 51% of the national population had access to improved sanitation, while the MDG target for accessing basic sanitation facilities is 62.37% of the population by 2015. Particularly the poor often do not have access to safe water sources and basic sanitation facilities; their lack of access has severe consequences for their health and livelihoods. Water borne diseases have a high cost in terms of health among those without access to improved water and sanitation. Two of the most important causes of mortality for children under five years of age are faecal-borne diseases and some 30% of Indonesians suffer from water-borne diseases, including cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid fever which are linked to use of unprotected water supplies, poor sanitation and inadequate awareness among communities of hygienic practices.

To address these issues, the Government has given special attention to encourage communities, the private sector, NGOs and local governments to accelerate sanitation development. The Ministry of Public Works (MPW) and the state-run water companies (PDAM) aim at improving community access to clean water supply by increasing access to house connections, especially in rapidly expanding urban areas and by expanding community-based water supply systems in rural areas. MPW and local governments also increased investments in centralized and community-based sewerage systems with a focus on serving the poor. In addition, the Ministry of Health (MOH) supports efforts to increase public awareness on the importance of clean water and sanitation. MOH will scale up implementation of the Community Led Total Sanitation during 2010-2014, aiming at eliminating open defecation practices by the end of 2014.

The loan was closed on 30 June 2015. As of the project closing on 30 June 2015, the Project benefitted about 1.7 million people, of which about 0.9 million were poor, through the provision of rural infrastructure in 1,088 villages and improved sanitation facilities in 1,416 urban neighborhoods. This exceeds the DMF targets of benefitting 1.1 million people in 600 villages and 1,350 urban neighborhoods.

About $3.6 million loan proceeds are expected not to be disbursed. This is due to the continued depreciation of the Rupiah against the US dollars.

Strengthened capacity for community planning and development

Improved rural basic infrastructure through community development grants

Improved sanitation services through neighborhood development grants

800 CIOs in villages and 1,438 CIOs in urban neighborhoods were established.

Two separate meetings for women are carried out in villages and urban neighborhoods during project planning and implementation.

MTPRs for project villages were completed and community sanitation improvement action plan (CSIAPs) were completed in urban neighborhoods prior to construction of civil works. All community members, including women and the poor participated in all project stages. Overal, the targets of 40% of women participation and 50% of the poor were met.

800 vilages and 1,438 urban neighborhoods have completed the provision of rural infrastructure and urban sanitation facilities.

Completed. Three cycles of block grants were distributed to 600 villages, and 1 cycle of block grants were distributed to 200 villages. The additional (third cycle of block grants and additional 200 villages) was from the unused loan proceeds due to depreciation of Rupiah againts the US dollars

completed.

observations indicated that the majority of the built infrastructure meet the national standard (more than 80%). This will be further confirmed during the impact evaluation, which will be carried out on 2015.

About 90,000 person-months of immediate employment opportunities were created, of which 24^% were allocated to women.

completed in 1,439 urban neighborhoods.

completed in 2014.

completed in 2014.

The majority of sanitation facilities (more than 90%) are considered meeting the national standards. User groups have been established to operate and maintain the facilities. In general the built facilities are well operated and maintained.

About 125,000 pms of immediate employment opportunities were created of which about 20% were for women.

All consultants were recruited according to ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants.

The Project required about 4,200 person-months of national consulting services at national, provincial, and district levels. To strengthen training, particularly for community facilitators, a training design and management team was responsible for developing and managing the project training program.

The consultants were recruited in accordance with ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2010, as amended from time to time). The national training design and management team consisted of three consultants to be contracted as individuals. The management consultants were recruited through national firms. The fixed budget selection method, which requires submitting a simplified technical proposal within 35 days, was used to select the management consultants. The fixed budget selection method was justified to ensure recruitment of highly competent consulting firms with the required mix of specialties, the demand for which has increased considerably because of PNPM Mandiri. The terms of reference of project management consultants followed the format and contents of those developed under PNPM Mandiri.

All procurement of goods and works were undertaken in accordance with ADB's Procurement Guidelines, which allows the use of national competitive bidding procedure. The procedures followed for national competitive bidding (for procurement of goods and works) were those set forth in Presidential Regulations No.54/2010 of the Republic of Indonesia, dated 6 August 2010.

All procurement to be financed under the ADB loan was carried out in accordance with ADB's Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to time). Civil works for village/neighborhood investments were contracted out to the communities based on an agreement between a CIO and a DPIU, and in compliance with the requirements for community participation in procurement as specified in ADB's Procurement Guidelines. Community contracts, based on the format of the community contracts under the overall PNPM Mandiri, included evidence of community facilitation, the design of facilities to be constructed under the contract, a community O&M plan for these facilities, and clear duties and responsibilities of both parties for the project activities. The first two community contracts in each participating province were submitted to ADB for prior approval. All contracts were monitored under the management information system