Bhutan: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Transport, Trade Facilitation and Logistics Project

Industry and trade / Trade and services

Transport / Road transport (non-urban)

Landlocked Bhutan faces unique development challenges and opportunities. The country's small population of about 745,000 is dispersed throughout its mostly mountainous terrain. Formidable weather conditions make it difficult and expensive to deliver services and build and maintain vital infrastructure, particularly roads. Almost two-thirds of Bhutan's population still lives in rural areas and depends on an improved and available road network to ensure its daily basic needs. Bordered by India in the east, west, and south, Bhutan is heavily reliant on its much larger neighbor for international trade. India accounts for 84% of its exports, including electricity, and 73% of its imports. However, Bhutan's inadequate cross-border road network and customs infrastructure are hampering its international trade and logistics capacity. It is important to lower high transport costs and improve accessibility and customs clearance services to spur the country's economic and social development.

Road transport is the dominant mode of transport for passengers and freight within the country and with neighboring states in India, and national highways are the main arteries in the road network. However, road construction in Bhutan remains a challenge due to the difficult environment and extreme weather conditions, especially during the monsoon season, when landslides make roads along the hillsides unpassable.

The main border crossing point between Bhutan and India is in the city of Phuentsholing and connects Bhutan's north south highway to India's national highway network. Phuentsholing is the most important gateway for cross-border traffic and accounts for 74% of the total value of import and export trade in the country. The inadequacy of the border facilities in dealing with this traffic causes long idle times, particularly when clearing goods for transport, which leads to heavy congestion and constrains trade in the city.

Bhutan is a member of the SASEC Trade Facilitation Program and receives support through the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other multilateral donors in complying with international standards and facilitate the safe and efficient trade of goods. However, cross-border trade, logistics procedures, and infrastructure require more extensive assistance. Currently there are no cross-border facilities for trade on either side of the border. Through ADB assistance, construction of a new mini dry port (MDP) in Phuentsholing and a land custom station (LCS) in Allay will be completed by early 2019. The trade facilitation and logistics component under this project will finance identified additional equipment for trade facilitation, which will supplement the ADB-financed infrastructure and improve the customs processes for handling goods in the two cross-border facilities to support efficient and secure cross-border trade in the subregion. The main beneficiaries of improved handling of goods are the industry and trade, and agriculture sectors. Key imports are construction materials, food, and household goods; key exports are timber, cardamom, apples, potatoes, oranges, steel, and ferro-alloys. The project will expedite customs modernization and reform processes and help Bhutan comply with the revised Kyoto Convention standards to simplify and harmonize customs procedures.

The government's strategic thrusts under the country's Eleventh Five Year Plan, 2013-2018, are inclusive social development, accelerated green economic development, and strategic infrastructure development. In the transport sector, this involves the construction and improvement of national highways. Improving efficiency in the sector will boost domestic and cross-border trade and allow for better delivery and wider coverage of basic social services.

National highway between Phuentsholing and Chamkuna constructed

Equipment for trade facilitation and logistics at MDP in Phuentsholing and the LCS in Allay procured and installed

Electronic customs management system (eCMS) developed

Highway between Chamkuna and Amochu Bridge constructed.

The scope of the PCR was changed from double lane to four lanes and further added 3.8 km road improvement roads from Chamkuna to Amochhu bridge.

8 out of the 14 equipment for procurement have been completed. Some equipment originally identified for LCS will no longer be required or can be shared with MBP. PT to work on variation and submit to ADB through MOF.

The Chamkuna-Amochhu road section work is underway.

All consultants will be recruited according to ADB's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time). The terms of reference for all consulting services are detailed in Section D of the Project Administration Manual.

An estimated 347 person-months (27 international, 320 national) of consulting services are required to facilitate project management and implementation for the Phuentsholing to Chamkuna Road. Consulting firms will be engaged using the quality- and cost-based selection (QCBS) method with a standard quality cost ratio of 90:10.

All procurement of goods and works will be undertaken in accordance with ADB's Procurement Guidelines (2015, as amended from time to time).

International competitive bidding procedures will be used for civil works contracts estimated to cost $3,000,000 or more, and supply contracts valued at $1,000,000 or higher. Shopping will be used for procurement of works and equipment worth less than $100,000.

When and if any national competitive bidding (NCB) is proposed, ADB and the government will review the public procurement laws of the central and state governments to ensure consistency with ADB's Procurement Guidelines (2015, as amended from time to time), before the start of any procurement.