Education Outcomes in the Philippines

This paper examines the key determinants of individual, school, and quality of education outcomes using extensive data from both the administrative reporting systems of the Department of Education and the Annual Poverty Indicators Survey conducted by the Philippine National Statistics Office. It concludes that although school resources such as pupil–teacher ratio are a key determinant for both individual and school outcomes; and that per capita miscellaneous operating and other expenses are significant factors in determining quality of education outcome, socioeconomic characteristics are stronger determinants of education outcomes.