Finance Sector in Asia
Amid rising global economic uncertainty, expanding and deepening finance sectors in developing Asia have played a strong role in helping the region face difficult challenges in economic diversification and have increased economic stability.
Finance sector has cross-cutting impact on all sectors, industries, and economic activities
ADB believes that a sound finance sector promotes private sector development, helps create jobs and economic growth, and therefore reduces poverty.
The finance sector has cross-cutting impact on all sectors, industries, and economic activities. It also contributes to global development agendas, including the Sustainable Development Goals of 2030.
Financial support has had positive impact on countries’ economic growth and development and helped reduce poverty, including during the global financial crisis of 2008–2009.
ADB’s finance sector operations have helped broaden and deepen national financial systems throughout the region, including, among others, through projects in Bangladesh, India, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Pakistan, the Philippines, and Uzbekistan.
For meaningful and sustainable impact, ADB uses innovative approaches through new technologies to solve wider economic challenges, as exemplified in the following:
Catalyzing Market Financing for Climate Change Mitigation
India: Solar Rooftop Investment Program: $330 million ordinary capital resources (OCR) multitranche financing facility loan (approved 2016).
- Funds innovative and bankable business models that catalyze market financing.
- Supports renewable energy development and climate change mitigation.
- Funds India meet a 40-gigawatt solar rooftop capacity target by 2022.
Expanding the Base of Growth by Technology Solutions
Uzbekistan: Small Business Finance Project: $100 million OCR loan to expand lending to small businesses (approved 2016).
- Improves financial inclusion for female-owned and rural businesses.
- Introduced credit scoring and loan origination facilitated by mobile devices, such as tablet computers.
Supporting Disaster Relief by New Business Line
Pakistan: National Disaster Risk Management Fund: $200 million Asian Development Fund (ADF) and OCR loans to establish and operationalize the National Disaster Risk Management Fund (approved 2016).
- Facilitates a disaster-resilient Pakistan by reducing socioeconomic and fiscal vulnerability to natural hazards and climate variability and change.
- Carried out quantitative risk modeling analysis for the primary natural hazards and developed a comprehensive national disaster risk financing strategy.
Supporting a Deeper, Diversified, and Resilient Finance Sector
Philippines: Financial Market Regulation and Intermediation Program: $200 million OCR loan to enhance financial sector stability, strengthen nonbank financial subsector governance, and improve the efficiency of the securities market (completed in 2013).
- Assisted the government in achieving reform agendas under the national development plan, particularly for financial sector deepening to support economic growth.
- Improved access to finance and increased the contribution of the finance sector to economic growth after the global financial crisis (Business Constraint Index “access to credit” improved from 31.8 to 17.7 and financial stability index improved from 3.3 to 4.1).
Facilitating Private Sector Development through Nonsovereign Loan
Bangladesh: BRAC Bank Sustainable Projects: Up to $30 million senior loan to BRAC Bank in Bangladesh (approved 2015).
- Improved safety standards of the ready-made garment industry by financing the upgrade, expansion, or construction of factories that satisfy the safety requirement of the Accord and/or the Alliance.
- Improved working conditions for 22,000 women ready-made garment workers.
- Improved environmental standards in the industry sector by financing the construction or expansion of wastewater treatment plants.
Promoting a Sustainable and Market-Oriented Rural Finance Sector
Lao PDR: Rural Finance Sector Development Program
$10 million ADF loan to promote a sustainable and market-oriented rural and microfinance sector (completed in 2013).
- Supported an enabling policy framework for rural and microfinance and sound prudential regulatory environment for rural and microfinance institutions, and transformed the Agriculture Promotion Bank into a financially sustainable and market-oriented institution.
- Expanded the microfinance sector in both credit and savings, with a 451% increase in the number of clients during 2006–2011.
- Facilitated marked improvement in the Agriculture Promotion Bank’s operational efficiency (operating expenses to gross loans decreased from 12% in 2007 to 4% in 2012).
- Contributed to gender equity by providing loans to women, who comprised 59% of total active borrowers.
Finance Sector Issues in Asia and the Pacific
Asia has emerged as a dynamic center of global growth with high savings and strong exports. It attracts a high volume of private capital and investment, and has massive potential for domestic markets. Since the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the financial sector of the region has developed significantly. Banks in particular have strengthened their balance sheets, making them more resilient to external shocks. The region’s middle-income economies have also made progress in developing the core of their domestic capital markets and nonbanking sectors.
Despite these achievements, the development of the region’s financial sector still lags substantially behind that of developed economies. Manufacturing also plays a much more dominant role in Asian economies than the financial sector. This section highlights finance sector challenges and trends faced by countries in Asia and the Pacific.
Banking and Non-bank Financial Institutions
The enhancement of risk management and corporate governance of individual financial institutions is vital for economic stability. This topic covers issues related to central bank supervision, trade financing, anti-money laundering, and Islamic financing.
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Three Decades of International Financial Crises: What Have We Learned and What Still Needs to be Done?
This paper highlights lessons from the Asian Financial Crisis, the Global Financial Crisis, and the Eurozone Debt Crisis to identify what more can be done to strengthen financial systems. -
The Impact of Nonperforming Loans on Cross-Border Bank Lending: Implications for Emerging Market Economies
This brief suggests how policy makers can tackle the likely rise in nonperforming loans (NPLs) as a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to prevent a debt crisis. -
Innovative Financial Products and Services for Women in Asia and the Pacific
This paper examines digital financial services and products—powered by financial technology—as well as low technology solutions that can boost digital financial inclusion for women in remote and rural areas. -
Asia Bond Monitor – March 2020
This issue of the Asia Bond Monitor reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic and deepening global economic uncertainty are weighing heavily on local currency bond markets of emerging East Asian economies. -
Offshore Fears and Onshore Risk: Exchange Rate Pressures and Bank Volatility Contagion in the People’s Republic of China
This study examines whether the spot market in Hong Kong, China for offshore Chinese currency (CNH) acts as a shock absorber for the financial system of the People’s Republic of China. -
Strengthening Asia’s Financial Safety Net
This report examines how financing arrangements have evolved in Asia to help safeguard the region from financial crises. -
Strengthening the Protection of Financial Consumers in Mongolia’s Banking Sector
This working paper discusses the results of a critical review of the existing financial consumer protection framework in Mongolia. -
The Role of Fintech in Mitigating Information Friction in Supply Chain Finance
This paper examines how financial technology (fintech) reduces “information friction” to help close financing gap in the supply chain by lowering the probability of a good firm being misclassified as bad. -
Managing Nonperforming Loans in Bangladesh
This brief discusses the trends and current status of nonperforming loans (NPLs) in Bangladesh in relation to regulatory measures and policy reforms that have been implemented in the country over the years. -
Financial Technology Expands Reach of Banking Services in the Philippines
ADB worked with the central bank of the Philippines to create special regulatory conditions for Mindanao-based Cantilan Bank, allowing it to migrate its core banking system into the cloud.
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Finance Sector Development
As the financial sector expands and takes on new risks, it is essential to ensure the sector’s continued stability and integrity. This involves helping countries enhance their abilities to manage and develop the financial sector, as well as instituting policy and regulatory reforms.
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Strengthening the Protection of Financial Consumers in Mongolia’s Banking Sector
This working paper discusses the results of a critical review of the existing financial consumer protection framework in Mongolia. -
Managing Nonperforming Loans in Bangladesh
This brief discusses the trends and current status of nonperforming loans (NPLs) in Bangladesh in relation to regulatory measures and policy reforms that have been implemented in the country over the years. -
Strengthening Regional Surveillance and Financial Safety Net Mechanisms in Asia: Workshop Highlights
This report shares highlights from a workshop on regional economic surveillance and financial safety nets in Asia, which was held in Manila on 14 August 2018. -
Securing Robust Financial Markets for Stable Growth in Emerging Asia - Wencai Zhang
Capital markets remain the most viable solution for infrastructure development in Asia and the Pacific, both as an enabler of long-term financing and as a source of financial stability. -
20 Years After the Asian Financial Crisis: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges
This brief revisits lessons from the Asian financial crisis, examines the emerging challenges that could undermine future financial stability, and concludes with some policy considerations. -
20 Years after the Asian Financial Crisis: Lessons, Challenges, and the Way Forward─Conference Highlights
A conference held 20 years after the Asian Financial Crisis highlights lessons learned and policy discussions on enhancing resilience in financial systems in Asia and the Pacific. -
2017 Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey
This brief discusses the 2017 ADB Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey which quantifies global market gaps for trade finance and the impact on growth and jobs. -
Building Trust and Confidence in Cambodia’s Financial Sector
For nearly two decades, ADB's Financial Sector Program has helped strengthen Cambodia’s legal framework and expand access to finance. -
Securing Sustainability: Nauru’s New Intergenerational Trust Fund and Beyond
Through a careful strategy of saving, investing, and spending wisely, Nauru can use its current economic boom to secure a more sustainable economic future for the nation and its citizens. -
Credit Guarantees: Challenging Their Role in Improving Access to Finance in the Pacific Region
Despite adequate liquidity, commercial banks in the Pacific are often reluctant to extend business credit, which is a serious constraint to business operations and broader economic development.
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Financial Inclusion and Microfinance
About 90% of the 180 million poor households in the region lack access to institutional financial services. Most formal financial institutions deny the poor their services because of perceived high risks, the high costs involved in small transactions, and the poor’s inability to provide marketable collateral for loans.
Microfinance
Increasing financial access for traditionally underserved population, including women, poor households, vulnerable groups, and micro, small, and medium enterprises is critical to achieving inclusive and balanced economic growth.
ADB has been actively promoting innovation and best practices in this area. The operational priorities of Strategy 2030 recognize that developing the finance sector, with a focus on inclusive finance, is key to enhancing productive opportunities. Financing remains limited, especially for women and women-led or women owned MSMEs, smallholder farmers, and agribusiness SMEs. Accelerating the use of digital finance technologies can help to address this problem. Further, the Financial Sector Operational Plan details the work ADB will do in the sector, recognizing that financial services should go beyond micro loans to include savings, payments and remittances, insurance, and pensions.
ADB’s support for inclusive finance is provided through loans, credit lines, investments, grants, guarantees, and technical assistance in the following areas (as defined in the 2014 Project Classification System):
- microfinance
- credit cooperatives and credit unions
- agriculture finance and rural microenterprise
- branchless/mobile banking
- financial literacy and consumer protection
- remittance management
- savings mobilization
- rural banks
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Microfinance Development Strategy
ADB’s Microfinance Development Strategy ensures access to institutional financial services for a majority of poor and low-income households and their microenterprises. It aims to support the development of sustainable microfinance systems that can provide diverse, high-quality services.
To achieve its objective for microfinance, ADB focuses on:
- creating a microfinance-friendly policy environment
- developing financial infrastructure
- building viable retail institutions
- supporting pro-poor innovations
- supporting social intermediation
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Asia Bond Monitor – June 2020
This edition of the Asia Bond Monitor reviews developments in emerging East Asian local currency bond markets and discusses how the financial sector can help fund the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). -
Innovative Financial Products and Services for Women in Asia and the Pacific
This paper examines digital financial services and products—powered by financial technology—as well as low technology solutions that can boost digital financial inclusion for women in remote and rural areas. -
Women Entrepreneurs Get Training and Access to Credit in Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan, ADB is providing access to finance for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) focusing on lending to women entrepreneurs, especially in the country's provinces. -
The Enabling Environment for Disaster Risk Financing in Nepal: Country Diagnostics Assessment
This country diagnostic assessment seeks to strengthen financial preparedness for disasters in Nepal, focusing on insurance and other risk transfer instruments. -
Finding Balance 2019: Benchmarking the Performance of State-Owned Banks in the Pacific
This report profiles the roles, performance, market context, and regulatory frameworks of 13 state-owned banks in 10 Pacific countries. -
Enhanced Cooperation and Integration between Indonesia and Timor-Leste: Scoping Study
This report explores the challenges and opportunities for enhancing cross-border cooperation and integration between Indonesia and Timor-Leste. -
Affordable Rural Homes Provide Women in Uzbekistan with Stability and Access to Finance
Affordable homes in Uzbekistan's rural areas are providing local women with security and stability, as well as access to mortgages and business loans. -
Microfinance for Disaster Recovery: Lessons from the 2015 Nepal Earthquake
This report assesses the impact of a livelihood restoration microcredit provided to affected households after the earthquake in Nepal in April 2015. -
Cloud-based Core Banking in the Philippines
This brief focuses on success factors and lessons learned during a pilot study on cloud-based core banking technology in the Philippines. -
Banking the Unbanked Rural Women of Papua New Guinea
Rural women in Papua New Guinea are gaining financial independence with help from ADB's Microfinance Expansion Project.
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Infrastructure and Housing Financing
The region needs to invest aggressively in infrastructure to continue to provide a favorable business environment and improve people’s living standards. Because government resources are far from sufficient, infrastructure needs to access commercial finances, thus calling for public–private partnerships (PPPs).
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Securitization in India: Managing Capital Constraints and Creating Liquidity to Fund Infrastructure Assets
This report explores securitization of infrastructure assets on public sector banks in India in order to meet the country’s growing infrastructure investment needs. -
Asia faces challenges attracting infrastructure investment - Ryuichi Kaga
Public-private partnerships are key to development projects, but inherent risks hinder private zeal. -
Meeting Asia's Infrastructure Needs
This report examines developing Asia's infrastructure—defined as transport, power, telecommunications, water supply, and sanitation. It looks at the region's investments in infrastructure, and what will be needed through 2030. -
Infrastructure Investment, Financing for SMEs and Start-ups
ADBI Dean Naoyuki Yoshino looks at how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can strengthen their financial base in order to help a region on a path of sustainable economic growth. -
Increasing Infrastructure Investment with Spillover Tax Revenues
ADBI Dean Naoyuki Yoshino explains how more private sector money can be secured in order to further build infrastructure in Asia. -
The Housing Challenge in Emerging Asia
People need housing finance, but many low- and middle-income households typically don’t have access to formal finance mechanisms such as banks. Matthias Helble, research economist at ADBI, puts forward solutions to this problem. -
Financing Mechanisms for Wastewater and Sanitation
This publication is a guide for government and city planners to identify financing mechanisms as they develop their own wastewater and sanitation projects. -
Promoting Remittance for Development Finance: Sri Lanka Feasibility Study
Consultants' reports describe activities by a consultant or group of consultants related to preparing a technical assistance project. This document dated June 2016 is provided for the ADB project 48190-001. -
Pacific Economic Management (Phase 2): Cook Islands Macroeconomic Assessment
Consultants' reports describe activities by a consultant or group of consultants related to preparing a technical assistance project. This document dated June 2016 is provided for the ADB project 47342-001. -
Promoting Remittance for Development Finance: Bangladesh Feasibility Study
Consultants' reports describe activities by a consultant or group of consultants related to preparing a technical assistance project. This document dated June 2016 is provided for the ADB project 48190-001.
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Islamic Finance
ADB has 14 member countries that have a majority Muslim population and has 5 of the 10 countries with the biggest Muslim population globally. Asia requires infrastructure investments of an estimate of $747 billion a year to sustain its growth trajectory. Given the demographic composition of its member countries and realizing the region’s vast investment needs, ADB recognizes the potential role of Islamic finance in promoting inclusive growth and achieving sustainable development in the region, through funding infrastructure and green and ethical investments.
Insurance and Contractual Savings
Financial markets in most of the developing member countries are at various stages of development. They are dominated by banks, reflecting a lack of capacity in the nonbanking sectors and capital markets. A non-diversified finance sector represents a risk in terms of the inability to deal with financial shocks and periods of uncertainty. Insurance can help protect the poor against livelihood risks and catastrophic loss, preventing them from falling back into cyclical poverty. It can also help mobilize long-term domestic resources to finance investments.
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Juggling Paid Work and Elderly Care Provision in Japan: Does a Flexible Work Environment Help Family Caregivers Cope?
Measures as time-off for caregivers and flexible working hours may not necessarily help family caregivers to the same extent as caregiver leave. -
The Influence of US Dollar Funding Conditions on Asian Financial Markets
Amid high reliance on United States (US) dollar-denominated funding, this paper finds changes in exchange rates affect sovereign credit risk premiums in selected emerging Asian economies. -
Assessing the Impact of the Graduation Approach in the Philippines
This brief assesses the impact of a project in the Philippines that utilized the graduation approach to reduce poverty and build resilience among households. -
Labor Supply of Older Workers in Thailand: The Role of Co-Residence, Health, and Pensions
Older people of lower economic status, especially those in the informal sector, may suffer from inadequate government support, causing them to remain in the labor market to earn a living. -
Policies to Optimize the Performance of Credit Guarantee Schemes During Financial Crises
This policy brief outlines best practices for credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) especially in times of financial crises. It also presents safeguards to mitigate CGS risks associated with moral hazards and adverse selection issues. -
Why Are Latin American Crises Deeper Than Those in Emerging Asia, Including That of COVID-19?
Latin American crises have left deeper economic wounds than those of Asia due to synchronizing banking, currency, and economic shocks. -
Projecting the Need for and Cost of Long-Term Care for Older Persons
This paper aims to enhance the understanding, particularly of policy makers and those planning modeling studies, of using statistical models to project the need, demand, and cost of long-term care (LTC) services. -
Bond Market Guide for Mongolia
This guide provides comprehensive information about the local currency bond market of Mongolia, which has been an active participant to the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Forum since 2019. -
Kazakhstan Development Finance Assessment
This publication provides an analysis of trends in public and private finance in Kazakhstan and discusses a financing mechanism to maximize development finance and resource allocation in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. -
Gender Differences in Access to Health Care Among the Elderly: Evidence from Southeast Asia
This paper examines gender among other factors that may constrain older persons in Southeast Asia from meeting their health-care needs based on data from Cambodia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
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Money and Capital Markets
It is necessary to develop Asian capital markets, including subnational debt markets, and an institutional investor base that generates long-term finances and risk capital. At the same time, low-income and conflict-affected economies need to strengthen public confidence in their financial systems in pursuing the development of financial markets.
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Financial Integration and Macrofinancial Linkages in Asia: Crises, Responses, and Policy Considerations
This report reviews evidence of the macrofinancial linkages and feedback effects of financial distress in Asia. It proposes policy considerations and coordinated responses to enhance financial stability and resilience. -
Debt Buildup and Currency Vulnerability: Evidence from Global Markets
This paper examines how debt buildup is related to currency depreciation pressure. It highlights the importance of a debt surveillance framework that monitors both public and private debt buildup, especially in emerging markets. -
The Potential for Foreign Investment in a Domestic Credit Rating Agency in Viet Nam
This paper evaluates the Viet Nam bond market from a global credit rating agency’s perspective and examines the potential of an international rating agency’s entry to the Vietnamese market through a technical service agreement. -
Asia Bond Monitor – September 2020
The size of emerging East Asia’s local currency bond market reached USD17.2 trillion at the end of June 2020. In the second quarter of 2020 the market expanded by 5.0% quarter on-quarter and 15.5% year-on-year. -
The Bond Market in Hong Kong, China: An ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide Update
This publication provides updates on recent developments in the bond market in Hong Kong, China and highlights developments connected to the bond market of the People’s Republic of China. -
The Inter-Bank Bond Market in the People’s Republic of China: An ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide
This edition focuses on the China Inter-Bank Bond Market (CIBM), which is the largest bond market segment in the People's Republic of China. -
Next Steps for ASEAN+3 Central Securities Depository and Real-Time Gross Settlement Linkages: A Progress Report of the Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
This report provides an update on progress toward the establishment of a regional settlement intermediary to support investment and more integrated bond markets among ASEAN+3 economies. -
COVID-19 Exposes Asian Banks’ Vulnerability to US Dollar Funding
This brief examines the US dollar funding exposure of Asian banks and suggests how policy makers in the region could support financial stability. -
Asia Bond Monitor – June 2020
This edition of the Asia Bond Monitor reviews developments in emerging East Asian local currency bond markets and discusses how the financial sector can help fund the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). -
Three Decades of International Financial Crises: What Have We Learned and What Still Needs to be Done?
This paper highlights lessons from the Asian Financial Crisis, the Global Financial Crisis, and the Eurozone Debt Crisis to identify what more can be done to strengthen financial systems.
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Regional Economic and Financial Integration
The Asia and the Pacific region includes large net savings countries as well as large net borrowers. The region as a whole is also simultaneously a large exporter and importer of capital. The financial sector and markets in the region need to be integrated to allow the channeling of savings from net saving developing countries to net borrowing ones.
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Reevaluating the Economic Benefits of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)–People’s Republic of China High-Speed Rail and Its Implications for Fiscal Stability of the Lao PDR
Emerging economies are taking on extremely large amounts of dollar-denominated debt as part of the "Belt and Road Initiative." -
The Inter-Bank Bond Market in the People’s Republic of China: An ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide
This edition focuses on the China Inter-Bank Bond Market (CIBM), which is the largest bond market segment in the People's Republic of China. -
The Evolution of the European Stability Mechanism: Lessons for Asian Integration
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is a permanent institution with the purpose of providing financial stability to the 19 countries in the eurozone. It was founded in 2012 at the height of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. Originally, the European Union and the eurozone intended to operate without a regional financial stability mechanism. However, the severity of the crisis forced the abolishment of the principal of complete fiscal self-reliance for each member country. -
Reflections on Fiscal Coordination and Integration in Europe
Compared with economic and financial integration, fiscal integration would require much stronger political support. -
Next Steps for ASEAN+3 Central Securities Depository and Real-Time Gross Settlement Linkages: A Progress Report of the Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
This report provides an update on progress toward the establishment of a regional settlement intermediary to support investment and more integrated bond markets among ASEAN+3 economies. -
The Case for Regional Cooperation in Trade and Investment Finance for Asia
This brief examines the role of export credit agencies (ECAs) in supporting trade and investment, and highlights how greater regional cooperation in Asia could enhance it. -
Europe and Northeast Asia – Different Responses to Financial Crises
The tensions between national sovereignty and the need for democratic accountability make pursuing international coordination very challenging. -
Economic Integration in Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Member Countries: Financing Economic Corridors and Sovereign Bonds Market
The global financial architecture should focus on providing short-term lending facilities to improve the efficiency of developing projects. -
The Role of Central Banks in Scaling Up Sustainable Finance: What Do Monetary Authorities in Asia and the Pacific Think?
There are multiple ways by which central banks and monetary authorities can actively address climate-related financial risks and support the scaling up of sustainable finance. -
Strengthening Asia’s Financial Safety Net
This report examines how financing arrangements have evolved in Asia to help safeguard the region from financial crises.
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Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Financing
The expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for inclusive growth and poverty reduction. SMEs’ access to finance can be improved not only through credit institutions, but also leasing, credit guarantees, factoring, insurance companies, and capital markets.
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Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka – Indumala’s story
ADB’s Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi) has been instrumental in creating a lasting impact on women-led small and medium entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Indumala is one such woman entrepreneur. -
Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka
ADB’s Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi) has been instrumental in creating a lasting impact on women-led Small and Medium Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. -
Women Entrepreneurs Get Training and Access to Credit in Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan, ADB is providing access to finance for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) focusing on lending to women entrepreneurs, especially in the country's provinces. -
The Role of Fintech in Mitigating Information Friction in Supply Chain Finance
This paper examines how financial technology (fintech) reduces “information friction” to help close financing gap in the supply chain by lowering the probability of a good firm being misclassified as bad. -
Effective Approaches to Poverty Reduction: Selected Cases from the Asian Development Bank
This report presents nine case studies on poverty reduction projects financed by ADB in Mongolia, Nepal, the People’s Republic of China, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, and Viet Nam. -
Postdisaster Subsidies for Small and Medium Firms: Insights for Effective Targeting
This paper explores the effect of postdisaster capital subsidies on the recovery of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and how policymakers could target public support to them more effectively. -
Trade and the Legal Entity Identifier
This brief discusses the features of the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) as a unique and secure system to facilitate business transactions, risk evaluation, and money lending. -
Helping Bhutan’s SMEs is Critical for Women Empowerment - Ingrid van Wees
Every time I pass by the busy streets of developing Asian cities, Thimphu’s included, I couldn’t help but notice the bustling small businesses lining up the side streets. -
Asia-Pacific Trade Facilitation Report 2019: Bridging Trade Finance Gaps through Technology
The report reviews trade facilitation progress in Asia and the Pacific and explores how technology can help bridge trade finance gaps. -
2019 Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey
This brief presents results from the 2019 ADB Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey, which quantifies global market gaps for trade finance and the impact on growth and jobs.
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Trade Finance
ADB's Trade and Supply Chain Finance Program provides guarantees and loans to partner banks in support of international trade.
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Trade Finance Program Brochure
ADB's Trade Finance Program has established itself as a key player in the international trade community, providing fast and reliable trade finance support to fill market gaps for trade finance. -
2019 Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey
This brief presents results from the 2019 ADB Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey, which quantifies global market gaps for trade finance and the impact on growth and jobs. -
ADB's Trade Finance Program
How does ADB's Trade Finance Program work and what role does it play in boosting economic growth in Asia and the Pacific? -
Legal Entity Identifier Accessibility: A Survey by the Trade Finance Program
ADB’s Trade Finance Program conducted this survey to determine if the Legal Entity Identifier system is accessible in developing countries. -
Gender Equality through ADB Trade Finance Partnerships
ADB’s Trade Finance Program conducted a gender audit among several of its partner banks to develop specific, practical, and implementable recommendations to attract, retain and promote more women in banking. -
Legal Entity Identifier Accessibility: A Survey by the Trade Finance Program
This brief examines the accessibility of the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) system for developing countries in Asia. -
Papua New Guinea's Drive For Long-Term Economic Growth
Papua New Guinea needs a diverse economy and an enabling business environment to support long-term growth. ADB investments in the country supports private sector activities and economic productivity. -
Trade Finance Scorecard: Regulation and Market Feedback
This Scorecard is a new tool to help implement effective measures to fight money-laundering and terrorism financing while addressing market gaps from their unintended consequences. -
Boosting Gender Equality Through ADB Trade Finance Partnerships
This study presents the results of the ADB Trade Finance Program's gender audit of partner banks and highlights recommendations to empower women to advance their careers and promote institutional gender equality. -
2017 Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey
This brief discusses the 2017 ADB Trade Finance Gaps, Growth, and Jobs Survey which quantifies global market gaps for trade finance and the impact on growth and jobs.
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